生态学报2009，Vol.29Issue(7)：3846-3853,8.
海草克隆性及其种群遗传效应
Clonality and its population genetic conseuqneces in seagrasses
摘要
Abstract
Seagrasses are monocotyledonous species that are adapted to live and reproduce entirely in the marine environments, where they suffer from a variety of disturbances, such as tides, hurricanes. To adapt to these environments, seagrasses have evolved a series of characteristics, among which strong clonality is a prominent one. All the seagrasses have horizontal rhizomes, and many species have vertical rhizomes. In some seagrass species, clonal reproduction, via apomict, was also observed. We reviewed the parameters relating to clonal growth, such as internodal length, spacer length and branching angle as well as rhizome elongation and branching rates, of seagrass species. These parameters have determinant impacts on the expanding of seagrass patches. However, breeding system may also affect patch sizes. Strong clonality has essential influences on genetic variation of seagrasses. Generally, seagrass species have relatively lower within-population genetic variation than terrestrial plants or mangroves, another group of marine flowering plants, although DNA markers, such as microsatellites, have revealed much higher variation than allozymes did and higher than that of previous thought in seagrasses. High variation in clonal diversity was found in many seagrass populations, but single or few genotypes were also found in some populations due to founder effect and strong clonality. Although gene flow usually was thought to be restricted in clonal species, it was reported that clonal fragments may be transported to a long distance and therefore to promote gene flow among populations. Effects of clonality on within-population structuring and mating system were also reviewed.关键词
海草/克隆性/遗传变异/空间遗传格局/交配系统Key words
seagrass/clonality/genetic variation/spatial genetic structure/mating system分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
苗苑,徐娜娜,于硕,耿艳,陈小勇..海草克隆性及其种群遗传效应[J].生态学报,2009,29(7):3846-3853,8.基金项目
国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助项目(2007AA09Z432) （863计划）
国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD03A15) （2006BAD03A15）
上海市科学技术委员会重大资助项目(07DZ12038) （07DZ12038）
