摘要
Abstract
Standard deviation (SD) is one of the most important parametersin the error theory,mathematical statistics theory,the drafting of metrological quality assurance program as well as the expression of measurement uncertainty.However,it is difficult for some scientific personnel to achieve a comprehensive and accurate understanding of it,which adversely influences the understanding and applications of the above-mentioned theories and methods.Therefore,the author describes in simple terms the origin of SD,emphatically its physical,geometrical,statistical significance and its estimation and application methodologies.Meanwhile,a detailed exposition is also given on the definitions,algorithms and application scopes of various SDs frequently used in group measurement.In addition,with a view to evaluating the component type B of measurement uncertainty,ISO,BIPM,etc.presented in the end of the 20th century the concept of equivalent SD,which is totally different from the SD defined conventionally.This method,although being contentious,has been formally adopted in the related ISO Guide and Chinas codes for metrological technology (JJF).Consequently,SD of this type is also described in detail for reference.关键词
概率分布/标准差/随机误差/组间标准差/合并组内标准差/水平效应标准差/测量不确定度的评定/标准差的估算分类
通用工业技术
