农业环境科学学报2011，Vol.30Issue(3)：500-507,8.
施肥与耕作对红壤坡地养分流失的影响
Effect of Fertilizer Levels and Tillage Methods on Nutrient Loss of Red Soil Slopes
摘要
Abstract
Red soil is the most important soil resources in the subtropical region of China where there is a relatively serious soil erosion caused by unreasonable utilizatiou and heavy rainfall.Nitrogen and phosphorus losses with runoff are the main contributions to water eutrophication.In order to study how to reduce the nutrients losses and improve the nutrients recoveries, a field experiment treated with different application rates and different cultivation methods was conducted on the typical red soil sloping upland in 2008.The results showed that the optimized fertilization treatment increased the radish and the peanut's recoveries for nitrogen fertilizer by 15％ and 3.3％ respectively, while had no effects on the both crops' recoveries for phosphorous fertilizer.Ridge culture treatment improved the peanut's recoveries for nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers by 12.15％～12.77％ and 1.24％～1.28％ respectively.The volume of runoff was positively correlated to rainfall amount signifi～cantly with a correlation coefficient of 0.86.Single ridge culture treatment reduced the total volume of runoff by 0.43 × 105 L· htm-2, while ridge culture combined with straw mulching treatment reduced the total volume of runoff by 0.14×105 L·hm-2, compared to the single ridge culture treatment.Except the control treatment( CK ), the concentrations of TN( total nitrogen ) and TP( total phosphorous) in runoff were no significant difference between other treatments, while the soluble nutrients, such as NO3-N, NH4+-N and soluble phosphorous, were different between treatments.The concentrations of nutrients in runoff varied with time, which were mainly influenced by the fertilization, farming activities and rainfall.The total loss of nitrogen and phosphorous with runoff was positively correlated to the total amount of application.For red soil sloping upland, both nitrogen and phosphorous lost by adhering to the soil granular with the runoff.NO3--N and NH4+-N were the two main forms of soluble inorganic nitrogen loss, accounting for 10.53％～12.48％ and 6.19％～8.33％ of total nitrogen respectively.Soluble phosphorous accounted for about 29.38％-40.74％ of total phosphorous.关键词
施肥/耕作/地表径流/养分流失/坡耕地/红壤Key words
fertilization/ cultivation/ runoff/ nutrient loss/ slopes/ red soil分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
王云,徐昌旭,汪怀建,谢志坚..施肥与耕作对红壤坡地养分流失的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(3):500-507,8.基金项目
全国第一次污染源普查:种植业源污染物流失系数测算坡耕地地表径流重点监测(WX-Z-07-0) （WX-Z-07-0）
国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2007BAD87B01,2007BAD87B08) （2007BAD87B01,2007BAD87B08）
