干旱地区农业研究2011，Vol.29Issue(1)：115-121,7.
施磷量对旱地小麦氮磷钾和干物质积累及产量的影响
Effects of P rates on N P K and dry matter accumulation and grain yield of winter wheat
摘要
Abstract
In order to explain the phenomenon of the decrease of crop yield-increasing effects caused by over fertilizer application commonly existing in present agricultural production in China, this paper focused on the effects of P rates on N, P, K and dry matter accumulation and grain yield of winter wheat. A field experiment was carried out with winter wheat as test crop and at P rates of O, 50 (deficient), 100 (optimum) and 150 (excessive) P2O5 kg/hm2. The aboveground part of the crop was sampled at different stages to estimate the crop biomass and to determine the content of water,N, P and K in different plant parts. Furthermore, the relationship between grain yield and biomass accumulation, water and nutrient uptake in the plant was discussed. The obtained results showed that no significant difference was found for the harvest indexes over different P rates. One of the main reasons for the increase of grain yield caused by optimum P rates was owing to the increased biomass accumulation, but not the increased translocation of dry matter from vegetative part to grain at late growth stages. Excessive P application was observed to increase dry matter losses during late growth stages at 8 364 kg/hm2, which accounted for 39％ of maximum biomass accumulation and was 22％ higher than that at optimum P application. The water accumulation rate at rejoining stage was 989 kg/(hm2·d) at optimum P rates, while is 902 kg/(hm2·d) at excessive P rate. However, water loss was 86％ of maximum water accumulation at excessive P rates, which was 82 ％ at optimum P rates during the late growth stages. Application of P promoted nutrient uptake at early growth stages, but also increased the nutrient losses at late growth stages with the increase of P rates. Compared to the maximum nutrient accumulation, the losses were 26％ and 34％ for N, 2％ and 13％ for P, and 26％ and 34％ for K, respectively at optimum and excessive P application. Excessive P application could not only decrease water accumulation at early growth stages, but also increase the losses of biomass, water, N, P and K at the late growing stages, and therefore led to a decrease of grain yield of winter wheat.关键词
施磷量/冬小麦/产量/水分/氮/磷/钾Key words
P rates/ winter wheat/ yield/ water/ nitrogen/ phosphorus/ potassium分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
王荣辉,王朝辉,李生秀,王西娜,李华..施磷量对旱地小麦氮磷钾和干物质积累及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(1):115-121,7.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(30871596) （30871596）
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项 （）
西北农林科技大学"创新团队建设计划" （）
