摘要
Abstract
Drought is a global issue. With the global warming and intensified human activities, the intensity and frequency of drought and its impacts are getting increasingly serious. Faced with agricultural drought in China, following relationships should be soundly understood and dealt with: (1) The relationship between the north and the south. The current action ”to transport grain from north to south” is some unreasonable in the view of rational utilization of water resources and balanced increase of crop yield, and which should be solved through strengthening the construction of water conservancy facilities and making policy adjustment for enhancing grain production capability in south China. (2) The relationship between high- medium- and low-yield farmlands. While pursuing higher yield in high-yield farmlands, attention also should be focused on increasing the output from the medium- and low-yield farmlands; (3) The relationship between increasing grain production and developing animal husbandry. Artificial meadow construction should be boosted to promote the development of animal husbandry and its integration with agriculture. (4) The relationship between conventional technology and high technology. Currently conventional technology still dominates in dryland farming production, so high-tech applications should be accelerated, and the current needs and future development should be effectively harmonized. Meanwhile, following technological approaches should be adopted to cope with agricultural drought: (1) To carry out semi-dryland agriculture in water-limited irrigable and dry mountainous areas, and gradually establish new agricultural water utilization structure including irrigated, dryland and semi-dryland agricultures simultaneously; (2) To set up watersaving agricultural structure using interspecies drought-resistant differences; (3) To establish the breeding objectives in crops with high abiotic stress resistance and resources use efficiency, especially having drought resistance and high water use efficiency varieties; (4) To extensively carry out conservation tillage possessing the comprehensive effects in conserving soil and water, fertilization, as well as increasing yield according to local conditions ; (5) To exploit non-conventional water resources and take it as an important way for coping with agricultural drought; (6) To to make up deficiency of poor-harvest years with surplus of abundant-harvest years. With the current level of science and technology, it is not possible to avoid significant production decrease in severely dry year, the climate variability and the crop adaptability should be effectively integrated in yield statistics, which should be focused on periodic balance instead of yearly fluctuation.关键词
农业干旱/均衡增产/半旱地农业/非常规水源/以丰补歉Key words
agricultural drought/ balanced increase of crop yield/ semi-dryland agriculture/ non-conventional water sources/ to make up deficiency of poor-harvest year with surplus of abundant-harvest year分类
农业科技
