干旱区地理2011，Vol.34Issue(2)：271-277,7.
天山中部天然云杉林凋落物层水文生态功能研究
Eco-hydrological characteristics of litter of artificial spruce forest in the middle part of Tianshan Mountains
摘要
Abstract
Litter is an important component of forest.It plays a vital role in the normal circulation of materials and keeping the nutrient balance in the forest system. As the second functionary layer in forest hydrologic process, the litter plays an important role in water circulation in the forest land. Litter has a strong ability to hold water, so as to reduce the surface run-off. Tianshan spruce Pinaceae is evergreen tree of gymnosperm, it is a variant of Scheck spruce and a endemic species in China. Large areas of spruce forest distributes in Xinjiang, which not only provide the state with a large number of commodities with the material, but also maintain the ecological balance of forest systems. In order to study the eeo-hydrological characteristics of litter of natural spruce forest in the middle part of the Tianshan Mountains, four plots of spruce forest with different canopy densities were selected for this study. The litter preservation, water holding capacity and water absorption speed were determined. The result shows that the litter storage of 0.8 canopy density forest reaches to 21.99 t/hm2 ,which is the highest in all the forests we studied.Litter storage of 0.2 canopy density forest is only 10.20 t/lm2. In the same litter department, litter storage of the haft-decomposed layer is bigger than that of the semi-decomposed layer. The litter's max water holding capacity and water holding ability of 0.8 canopy density forest are the best among the four kinds of litter forests (44.85 t/hm2 );0.6 canopy density forest is second (43.45 t/hm2) ;0.4 canopy density forest is third (41.93 t/hm2) ;and 0.2 canopy density forest is the lowest (38.96 t/hm2). In terms of litter's water holding characteristic,forest hydrologicai effects of 0. 8 canopy density forest are the best among the four canopy density natural spruce forest. And the paper finds that there is a significant relationship between canopy density and litter layer,it is namely that the litter storage increases with increasing the canopy density. The water-holding capaciti.es of two layers are relatively slow,but the half-decomposed layer is more slowly. For litter un-deeomposed or semi-decomposed layer, the water absorption speed is very fast in the beginning 2 hours;within 6 hours water absorption speed drops quickly, after 10 hours water absorption speed is more slowly and 24 hours later water absorption speed stops. The effective water holding depths of litter layer of four canopy density forest are 0.2 (2.812 mm) ,0.4 (2.914 mm) ,0.6 (3. 383 mm) and 0. 8 (3. 400 mm) respectively. This provides the scientific basis for studding the water conservation and the water source self-control function of the forest litter layer as well as further synthetic evaluation of the Tianshan forest ecology function in this area.关键词
水文生态功能/凋落物/郁闭度/天然云杉林/天山中部Key words
eeo-hydrological functions/ litter/ canopy density/ natural spruce forest/ the Tianshan Mountains分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
张洪亮,张毓涛,张新平,朱建雯,芦建疆,李翔..天山中部天然云杉林凋落物层水文生态功能研究[J].干旱区地理,2011,34(2):271-277,7.基金项目
国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2008BADB0B0302、2006BAD03A1804、2006BAD03A0702/wb08),新疆维吾尔自治区林业科技专项资金项目(天山北坡经济带山地森林生态系统服务功能及其价值研究),国家林业局公益性行业科研专项(200804022c、200804006/rhh-06) （2008BADB0B0302、2006BAD03A1804、2006BAD03A0702/wb08）
