植物营养与肥料学报2011，Vol.17Issue(3)：608-615,8.
洱海北部地区不同轮作农田氮、磷流失特性研究
Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss in various crop rotation systems in northern watershed of Erhai Lake
摘要
Abstract
Nitrogen and phosphorus losses of surface runoff in various crop rotation systems in north of lake Erhai watershed were researched for the risk evaluation and putting countermeasures for the nonpoint pollution from agricultural source. Pollution loads of nitrogen and phosphorus were studied in four typical crop rotation systems by using the influencing factors, by analyzing the content variation dynamic of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water of farmland and ditch water in 7 townships of northern lake Erhai watershed. The results show that the water soluble nitrogen is main loss of runoff water, and the contents of nitrogen have significantly contrast in farmland surface water of different crop rotation systems. The contents in garlic-rice mode are significantly higher than those of the other rotation systems, and the basic trend is: garlic-rice higher than ryegrass-rice, ryegrass-rice higher than fava bean-rice, and fava bean-rice higher than rape-rice. However, the contents of phosphorus in farmland surface water are lower systems, and have no significant differences under various crop rotation. The particulate phosphorus is main loss of runoff. Generally, the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water are higher than those in the ditch water, respectively. The content of total nitrogen in surface water is higher than that of ditch water (about 73％ increase), and the content of total phosphorus in surface water is higher than that of ditch water ( about 82％ increase) in this study. Fertilization in the crop growth period is one of mainly reason for the high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water. In this study, the loss amount of nitrogen in the garlic-rice system is the highest, the loss amount of nitrogen under the vicia faba-rice system is reduced by 38％ compared with that of the garlic-rice system. So, we suggest that reasonable cropping system could be established on the basis of considering the environmental and economic benefits, and it will provide some references on readjusting cropping system and controlling nonpoint pollution.关键词
洱海流域/农田/轮作/氮磷流失分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
汤秋香,任天志,雷宝坤,翟丽梅,胡万里,张继宗,林涛,刘宏斌..洱海北部地区不同轮作农田氮、磷流失特性研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(3):608-615,8.基金项目
国家"十一五"水专项项目(2008ZX07105-002)资助. （2008ZX07105-002）
