心理学报2011，Vol.43Issue(4)：347-363,17.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2011.00347
英文词、汉字词、早期文字和图画的认知加工比较
The Comparative Study on English Words, Chinese Words, Early Words and Pictures
摘要
Abstract
Words' naming and categorizing can reflect words' processing course and mechanism. English words,Chinese words, inscription on oracle bones, Dongba pictograph and pictures were different symbolic systems in the history of human characters' development. It had important theoretical values to investigate the features of these five symbolic systems.Two experiments were adopted to investigate five symbolic systems' characteristics. Perceptive similarity evaluation task was performed in Experiment 1a. Two types of symbols were matched, participants were asked to evaluate the similarity level by 7-point scale. Each kind of materials had 16 stimuli including animal, plant,human organs, natural objects and tools. Twenty-six university students participated in this study and they were required to learn and get acquainted with the materials before the experiment. Semantic consistence evaluation task was performed in Experiment 1b. Twenty-five university students participated in this study. Naming and categorizing tasks were performed in Experiment 2. Two-factor within subject design was used: 5 (symbolic types: English words, Chinese words, inscription on oracle bones, Dongba pictograph and pictures) × 2 (tasks:naming, categorizing). During naming task, participants were asked to read the words loudly or name the symbols presented on the screen as quickly and correctly as possible. Naming time was collected by the computer and naming correct percent was recorded by the examiner. During categorizing task, participants were asked to decide whether the item a word or symbol representing belong to a certain category by pressing "F" or "J" on the keyboards. Stimulus-naming were presented in five blocks of 240 trials. Stimulus-categorizing were presented in five blocks of 480 trials. Twenty-four university students participated in this study.The results were as following: (1) Different symbols displayed differently in perceptive similarity judgment task and semantic consistence judgment task. Pictures, inscription on oracle bones, Dongba pictograph and Chinese characters had high similarity in perception, English and other symbols had low similarity; in semantic consistence judgment task, symbols combined with English and Chinese were processed fast. (2) Different kinds of materials were asymmetrical in naming and categorizing: English-reading and Chinese-reading were faster than English -categorizing and Chinese-categorizing, categorizing of inscription on oracle bones, Dongba pictograph-categorizing and picture-categorizing were faster than respective naming. (3) Regardless of naming or categorizing, the reacting of Chinese words and pictures were faster than the reacting of inscription on oracle bones and Dongba pictograph. English-naming was faster than naming of inscription on oracle bones and Dongba pictograph-naming; English-categorizing was slower than Dongba pictograph-categorizing. (4) English words, Chinese words and pictures were asymmetrical in naming and categorizing: English-reading and Chinese-reading were faster than picture-naming but English-categorizing, Chinese-categorizing was slower than picture-categorizing. (5) Dongba pictograph and inscription on oracle bones were asymmetrical in naming and categorizing: the reading of inscription on oracle bones was faster than Dongba pictograph-reading but the categorizing of inscription on oracle bones was slower than Dongba pictograph-categorizing. These phenomena were attributed to the structure characteristics and distinctive features of the five symbols, also the patterns of symbols recording language and participants' proficiency of symbols. These results may provide psychological evidence for the character's development as well as evolution rules, and also help to identify the natures of Dongba pictograph and inscription on oracle bones.关键词
英文词/汉字词/甲骨文/东巴文/图画/命名/分类Key words
English words/ Chinese words/ inscription on oracle bones/ Dongba pictograph/ pictures/ naming/categorizing分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
张积家,王娟,刘鸣..英文词、汉字词、早期文字和图画的认知加工比较[J].心理学报,2011,43(4):347-363,17.基金项目
国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"课题(2005CB522802)、教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(08JJDXLX269). （2005CB522802）
