地质通报2011，Vol.30Issue(4)：565-572,8.
热液矿床水相变控矿理论初探
The theory of water phase transitions controlling hydrothermal mineralization
摘要
Abstract
Based on the researches of water physicochemical properties, hydrothermal deposits and solubility experiments, the sketch of the ore-controlling theory of water phase transition in hydrothermal deposit was given ago. Now the following shows the latest version of this theory: (1) the water phase transition may cause some mutations of physicochemical properties, such as the heat capacity,mineral solubility in water, compressibility coefficient and expansion coefficient. Especially the second-order phase transition at the critical point induces the critical singularity which some physicochemical parameters tend to be the infinity. The significant changes of physicochemical properties at water phase transitions are obviously different from small- amplitude and gradual change at the district without phase transition. The differences will significantly influence the dissolution, migration and depositing of ore-forming materials in the lithosphere. The water phase transition and its type depend on the structure, magmatic activity and the geothermal gradient. According to normal geothermal curves in the lithosphere, the pressure reducing from fracture or fold or ductile shear is essential to induce the water phase transition. Therefore, the study of hydrothermal mineralization can also give some valuable information on the regional tectonic evolution. (2) There are 3 key steps in this theory. Firstly, the significant differences of water physicochemical properties between phase transition area and no-phase transition area in phase diagram, can give the probability to carry the ore-forming materials into or out of water-bearing system in the lithosphere. Secondly, the geological environment with the temperature and pressure near to water phase transition is essential for the thermal geo-fluid to dissolve a large amount of ore-forming materials. Lastly,it is also necessary that reducing pressure in some parts of the lithosphere induces the phase transition of water, in which the ore-forming materials in thermal geo-fluid can be released to form the hydrothermal deposits. Overall, the theory studies physicochemical property of water-bearing system and its relative geological response under temperature and pressure in the lithosphere, and it belongs to the content of tectono-physicochemistry.关键词
水/相变/物理化学性质/突变/渐变/临界奇异性/热液成矿作用Key words
water/ phase transition/ physicochemical property/ abrupt change/ gradual change/ critical singularity/ hydrothermal mineralization分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
胡宝群,吕古贤,孙占学,李满根,廖玉婷,郭国林,白丽红..热液矿床水相变控矿理论初探[J].地质通报,2011,30(4):565-572,8.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目《热液铀成矿中水的物理化学行为及与地质作用耦合关系的研究》(批准号:40862005)、《砂岩铀矿地浸采铀过程中的流体-岩石相互作用研究》(批准号:40872165)、江西省自然科学基金项目《铀矿山废渣中的酸性废水形成及其控制的实验研究》(编号:2008GZH0053)、国防科工委放射性地质与勘探技术国防重点学科实验室基金项目《相山火山岩型铀矿床成矿机理研究》(编号:2010RGET01)和江西省教育厅科技项目《铀矿山酸性废水形成机制及抑制剂选择研究》(编号:2007-230) （批准号:40862005）
