土壤学报2011，Vol.48Issue(3)：479-486,8.
坡度对降雨溅蚀影响的研究
EFFECTS OF SLOPE GRADIENT ON RAINDROP SPLASH EROSION
摘要
Abstract
Slope gradient is an important factor affecting raindrop splash erosion. Hence its effect was investigated using soil trays simulating nine slope gradients (9％ , 18％ , 27％ , 36％ , 47％ , 58％ , 70％ , 84％ , and 100％ ) , and each soil tray was 0. 5 m × 0.5 m × 0. 1 m ( horizontal length × width × depth) in dimension, containing loamy soil,collected from Yanqing, Beijing. All the treatments were subjected to a simulated rainfall with a constant intensity of 67 mm h -1 for 1 hour. Specially designed samplers were used to partition total splash into directional components ( e. g.upslope, downslope, and lateral). Results indicate that splash erosion occurred in the following three patterns: ( 1 ) the rate was low prior to the generation of runoff, peaked rapidly at the beginning of runoff, decreased gradually and leveled off; (2) the rate was high prior to the generation of runoff and dropped rapidly after runoff was generated and then leveled off at a certain rate; or (3) the rate did not show any obvious fluctuation during the rainfall event. In all the treatments,the upward raindrop splash erosion rate was always lowest and the downward one was the highest. And the downward splash and sideward splash were negatively related to slope gradient and the relationship could be fit with a linear or exponential function. The downward splash erosion varied more obviously than lateral and upslope splash erosion, which indicates that downslope splash erosion is more significantly affected by slope gradient. The downward splash erosion, total splash detachment, and net splash transport increased initially with rising slope, and then decreased at the critical slope gradient, 35° (70％) , all showing linear relationships.关键词
坡度/雨滴溅蚀/溅蚀过程/溅蚀总分散/溅蚀净搬运Key words
Slope gradient/ Raindrop splash/ Splash erosion process/ Total splash detachment/ Net splash transport分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
刘和平,符素华,王秀颖,徐丽,方岚,刘宝元,路炳军..坡度对降雨溅蚀影响的研究[J].土壤学报,2011,48(3):479-486,8.基金项目
国家重点基础研究发展计划课题(2007CB407204)、国家自然科学基金项目(40201031)和北京师范大学优秀博士学位论文培育基金项目资助 （2007CB407204）
