古脊椎动物学报2009，Vol.47Issue(4)：265-281,17.
中国新近纪牛科分类及演化规律
TAXONOMY AND EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS OF NEOGENE BOVIDAE FROM CHINA
摘要
Abstract
Bovidae is one of the most diversified groups of Neogene mammals. The study of Chinese Neogene Bovidae traced back to the beginning of the 20~(th) century (Schlosser, 1903). During the 1920's and 1930's, Neogene bovid fossil collecting and describing reached a peak. From the 1950's on, not only some new bovid taxa have been reported based on the materials obtained from Northern and Southwest China, but also the systematic positions of some bovid genera have been revised by Chinese paleontologists.In this paper, we try to review the taxonomy based on the most recent progress. Till now, 30 genera belonging to 5 subfamilies of Bovidae have been recognized from Chinese Neogene (Table 1). Most of the genera were found from North China. There discovered few taxa from the Late Miocene of Southwest China.Analysis of the geological and geographical distribution of fossil Bovidae from China shows 5 evolutionary phases and 4 turnovers during the Neogene:Phase 1; Late Oligocene-Early Miocene. Fossil Bovidae is only represented by Sinopalaeoceros Chen, 1988 ( Hypsodontinae). It occurred in the Early Miocene of Qinghai and in the Late Oligocene of Xinjiang.Phase 2; Middle Miocene ( Tunggurian) . Bovids are characterized by the presence of Tur-cocerus K(o)hler, 1987 and Kubanotragus Sokolov, 1973. They distributed only in North China.Phase 3 : Late Miocene ( Bahean-Baodean) . Bovids are characterized by the flourishing of Urmiatheriini, and a specialized group belonging to Caprinae. Gazella ( Antilopinae) is also one of the most common genera. Phase 4: Early Pliocene. The dominant elements are Gazella and endemic forms of Caprinae.Phase 5 Late Pliocene. Bovids are characterized by the occurrence of extant genera and species, e. g. Ovis and Gazella subgutturosa.These phases also indicate 4 turnover events of bovid faunas during the Neogene.The first turnover event happened after the first phase, in between the Early and Middle Miocene. Sinopalaeoceros went extinct, and there occurred Turcocerus, which is the dominant element during the Middle Miocene in North China. The Middle Miocene/Late Miocene boundary witnessed the second remarkable turnover event of Bovidae. None of the Middle Miocene taxa survived into the Late Miocene. The third turnover event happened near the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. The diversified group Urmiatheriini went extinct. The fourth turnover event is characterized by the occurrence of extant genera and species during and after the Late Pliocene.Excluding the argued Palaeohypsodontus and Hanhaicerus, there recorded earlier bovid taxa in China than in other areas of Eurasian continent. The faunal composition of Chinese Bovidae during the Neogene is also distinct. Hypsodontinae, Urmiatheriinae, and endemic forms of Caprinae constitute the major part of Miocene bovid faunas. In other areas of Eurasia, Bovi-nae (including Eotragus, Boselaphini, Bovini) , spiral horned Antilopinae, and early forms of Caprinae are the dominants in the Miocene.There recorded two major immigration events of Bovidae during the Neogene, e. g. the immigration of Eotragus at MN 6, and Miotragocerus during the Late Miocene. However, these immigration events did not alter the endemic faunal composition of Chinese Bovidae.关键词
新近纪/牛科/分类/演化规律Key words
North China/Miocene/Pliocene/Bovidae/taxonomy/turnover分类
生物科学引用本文复制引用
陈冠芳,张兆群..中国新近纪牛科分类及演化规律[J].古脊椎动物学报,2009,47(4):265-281,17.基金项目
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(编号:2006CB806400)和国家自然科学基金项目(编号:40672010,40711130639)资助. （编号:2006CB806400）
