水生生物学报2009，Vol.33Issue(6)：1059-1067,9.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.0000.2009.61059
应用矿物盐改良池塘水质的研究
A STUDY ON MINERAL SUPPLEMENTATION IMPROVING WATER QUALITY IN AQUACULTURE PONDS
摘要
Abstract
Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) has been the main freshwater aquaculture economical species in both America and China mainland. To study the effect of NaNO, as a soil oxidant and possible decline against blue-green algae and potential extension prospect of mineral supplementation on water quality improvement in freshwater aquaculture ponds, the experiment including three treatments, NaNO_3, KC1 + MgCl_2 and NaNO_3 + KC1 + MgCl_2 as mineral supplementation and NaNO_3 as a soil oxidant, and the control with not any mineral supplementation or fertilizers, was designed and applied to 12 freshwater earthen ponds stocked with catfish at the density of one individual per cubic meter water in Auburn University, Alabama, U. S. A. During the culture period of 182 days, the application dosage of NaNO_3, KC1, or MgCl_2was 2g, 100g, and 20g per cubic meter water per time, and the application times of NaNO_3, or KC1 + MgCl_2was 21 and 2 times in total, respectively, moreover, the application times of NaNO_3 + KCl + MgCl_2 included 21 times for NaNO_3 application and 2 times for KCl + MgCl_2application in total. 17 water quality parameters, including total ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, reactive phosphorous, turbidity, DO, pH, alkalinity, chloride, chlorophyll a, BOD_5, potassium, sodium, calcium , magnesium, total algae density and blue-green algae relative density, and 5 bottom soil parameters, including redox potential, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, soil respiration rate and organic carbon, in the treatments and control ponds were monitored at interval. The results showed that all the treatments caused the blue-green algae relative density of ponds to decline significantly (P<0.05) , which would decline the possibility of catfish being off-flavor; The treatment of KCl + MgCl_2 promoted nitrification positively in ponds water-body, which would promote total ammonia nitrogen, whose high concentration would be harmful to aquaculture species growth, transferring to nitrite nitrogen and then continuing to be nitrate nitrogen, which would be not harmful to aquaculture species growth. The treatment of NaNO_3 + KCl + MgCl_2increased bottom soil redox potential significantly (P<0.05) , which would reduce some harmful deoxidized composites diffusing from soil surface to water; Only the treatment of NaNO_3 + KCl + MgCl_2increased catfish production at 6.6% and declined feed conversion ratio at 6.2% significantly ( P < 0.05 ) ; NaNO, cooperated with KCl + MgCl_2 took effect of improving water and bottom soil quality in aquaculture ponds, where the blue-green algae relative density of ponds being declined and ponds bottom soil redox potential being increased, in result, which blocked and reduced some harmful deoxidized composites diffusing from soil surface to water, and reduced fish reaction against the bad water quality, which saved energy consumption for fish, decreased feed conversion ratio and increased growth rate. Therefore, NaNO_3 + KCl + MgCl_2 treatment would develop a new path to improve water and bottom soil quality in aquaculture freshwater ponds, and have a great extension prospect. Moreover, if NaNO_3 + KCl + MgCl_2treatment apply to other higher value species aquaculture ponds, for instance, shrimp or eel, those species aquaculture effect should be better than that of catfish, because NaNO_3 + KCl + MgCl_2treatment would have similar effect on the improvement of water and bottom soil quality in the ponds as in catfish ponds, furthermore, the value of production increased and the cost of feed saved would be more than the cost of all mineral supplementation to the ponds.关键词
硝酸钠/矿物盐/斑点叉尾鲴/池塘水质改良/蓝藻Key words
Sodium nitrate/ Mineral supplementation/ Catfish/ Ponds water quality improvement/ Blue algae分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
江兴龙,关瑞章,Claude E. Boyd..应用矿物盐改良池塘水质的研究[J].水生生物学报,2009,33(6):1059-1067,9.基金项目
福建富闽基金(200372号) （200372号）
美国奥本大学国际水产养殖与水环境合作专项资金(200403) （200403）
国家公益性(农业)行业科研专项(鳗鱼3-51)资助 （农业）
