作物学报2011，Vol.37Issue(8)：1432-1440,9.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.01432
土壤耕作方式对小麦干物质生产和水分利用效率的影响
Effects of Soil Tillage Practice on Dry Matter Production and Water Use Efficiency in Wheat
摘要
Abstract
Simultaneous increase of grain yield and water use efficiency is an ideal aim and a hot focus in crop production and research, especially in Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers Plain of China where wheat (Triticum aestivum) production is frequently threatened by drought stress. The objective of this study was to disclose the effects of tillage practice on water consumption characteristics and dry matter accumulation and distribution in wheat plant under high-yielding and flexible irrigation conditions. In a continuous experiment across three growing seasons from 2007 to 2010, we planted wheat cultivar Jimai 22 with five tillage treatments including strip rotary tillage (SR), strip rotary tillage after subsoiling (SRS), rotary tillage (R), rotary tillage after sub-soiling (RS), and plowing tillage (P). All tillage treatments were irrigated at sowing, jointing, and anthesis stages to a designed soil water content based on testing soil moisture before watering. The total water consumption amount was higher in SRS and RS treatments than in SR and R treatments. Comparing with other treatments, SRS treatment increased the soil water consumption amount in 0-200 cm soil layers, but decreased the soil evaporation. SRS and RS treatments gained the highest amount of dry matter accumulation, the grain dry matter partitioning at maturity, and contribution of dry matter assimilation amount after anthesis to grain, followed by P treatment, and R and SR treatments showed the lowest levels in the above parameters, particularly SR treatment. SRS treatments had the highest grain yield of 9 409.01, 9 613.86, and 9 698.42 kg ha-1 in 2007-2010 growing seasons respectively, with no significant difference from RS treatment. P and R treatments ranked the second and third places. Grain yield in SR treatment was the lowest among treatments. In the 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 growing seasons, the water use efficiencies of SRS treatment were the highest among treatments, which were 21.39 kg ha"1 mm-1 and 22.09 kg ha-1 mm-1, respectively. RStreatment also had higher water use efficiency than SR, R, and P treatments. Therefore, we recommend that SRS is the most appropriate tillage practice in high-yielding and water-saving production of wheat in the Yellow-Huaihe-Haihe Rivers Plain.关键词
小麦/耕作方式/干物质积累与分配/籽粒产量/水分利用效率Key words
Wheat/ Tillage practice/ Dry matter accumulation and distribution/ Grain yield/ Water use efficiency引用本文复制引用
郑成岩,崔世明,王东,于振文,张永丽,石玉..土壤耕作方式对小麦干物质生产和水分利用效率的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(8):1432-1440,9.基金项目
本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(30871478)和农业部现代小麦产业技术体系项目(nycytx-03)资助. （30871478）
