中国农业科学2011，Vol.44Issue(18)：3790-3804,15.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.18.010
水、早稻产量相关性状的水分生态效应分析
Ecological Effects of Soil Moisture Conditions on Grain Yield-Related Traits in Paddy Rice and Aerobic Rice
摘要
Abstract
[Objective] The purpose of this study is to investigate the ecological effects of soil moisture levels on grain yield and yield-related traits of paddy rice and aerobic rice, and study the variations of responses of grain-related traits to soil moisture conditions, aiming to provide theoretical basis for breeding water-saving and drought-tolerant rice. [Method] The yield-related phenotypes of 155 germplasm of paddy rice and aerobic rice were observed under three kinds of soil water conditions, including submerged cultivation (SC), dry cultivation without mulching (DCM), and cultivation mulching with plastic film (CMPF). With the data of yield-related traits collected from rice cultivated under different conditions, the ecological effects of soil moisture on ten traits were analyzed by multivariate analysis. [Result] The results showed that the ecological effects of soil moisture on varieties and traits as well as relationship between various traits and varieties were significantly different under different cultivation conditions. Furthermore, the yield-related traits had various effects on grain yield per plant (GYP), and the effect of same trait varied among varieties. There is a remarkable linear relation between GYP and other nine traits under different soil water conditions. 1000-grain weight (KGW), productive panicles per plant (PPP) and filled grains per panicle (FGP) affected GYP consistently under different soil water conditions. As the changes of soil water conditions, one to three other traits also showed extremely significant effects on GYP. FGP and PPP had main effects on GYP, spikelet per panicle (SP) and KGW were moderate components, and the rest traits had minor effect on GYP. Under different ecological water conditions, the yield related-traits showed varied contributions to GYP, which suggested that different mechanisms might be involved in controlling these traits. FGP and PPP had the largest positive direct contribution to GYP, while the SP showed largely indirect positive contribution, and the rest traits affected GYP indirectly through above three. The contribution of KGW on GYP increased while the water stress became heavier, accompanying with complex and diversified interactions with other yield-related traits. By contrast, the contribution of KGW to GYP decreased while the water stress was relieved, and the PPP became the predominat factor of grain yield with simpler interactions among yield-related traits in the same time. It suggested that rice had a self-adaptive mechanism to adjust grain yield components under different water ecologies. While the soil water decreased gradually, the characters of higher-yield rice varieties changed from larger panicle and more grains per panicle, bigger seed to two types of varieties with either larger panicles along with more grains per panicle or more tillers and panicles per plant along with higher seed setting rate. As an ultimate result, more tillers per plant most largely contributed to the grain yield under severe drought. It indicated that different strategies should be adopted in high-yield breeding of water-saving and drought-tolerant rice since the selected traits for paddy rice breeding was different from that of upland rice breeding under different water ecologies. [Conclusion] The yield component structure of paddy rice and upland rice revealed a self-adaptive manner under different soil water conditions. The breeding strategies of paddy rice and upland rice should be emphasized on different selected traits. The breeding effort for higher yield of water-saving or drought-tolerant rice should be focused on improvement and enhancement of emergence and survival rate of tillers and seed setting rate.关键词
水稻/早稻/生物节水/水分生态效应/多元统计分析Key words
Oryza sativa/ aerobic rice/ biological water-saving/ ecological water effect/ multivariate statistics analysis引用本文复制引用
康海岐,吕世华,高方远,罗大刚,陆贤军,任光俊..水、早稻产量相关性状的水分生态效应分析[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(18):3790-3804,15.基金项目
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(NYCYTX-01)、公益性行业科研专项(NYHYZX07-001-02)、四川省“十一五”科技攻关项目(2006Y2GC-1)、四川省财政育种专项(2006YZGG04-009)、四川省应用基础研究项目(2010JY0099)、四川省财政基因工程优秀论文基金项目 （NYCYTX-01）
