中国生态农业学报2011，Vol.19Issue(5)：1109-1114,6.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1011.2011.01109
华北山前平原农田土壤硝态氮淋失与调控研究
Soil nitrate leaching and control methods in the piedmont of North China Plain
摘要
Abstract
Soil core and soil water samples were collected in a long-term field experiments to study soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3 -N) accumulation and leaching in winter wheat/summer maize double-cropping system under different agricultural management practices in the North China Plain (NCP). The results showed that NO3-N accumulation in the soil profile and NO3~-N leaching through the root zone increased with increasing N fertilizer application (PO.05). Application of P and K fertilizers improved the grain yield and harvested more N in grains. P and K inputs increased the amounts of harvested N in grains by 123 kg·hm-2·a-1 and 31 kg·hm-2·a-1, respectively. Based on the experiment, the amount of irrigation also affected NO3~-N accumulation and distribution in the soil profile. The amounts of accumulated NO3~-N in the 0-400 cm soil profile significantly decreased with increasing irrigation frequency. Arid irrigation treatment (I.e., no irrigation and one irrigation during winter wheat and summer maize seasons, respectively) produced 1 698 kg(N)-hnT2 of accumulated NO3~-N in the 0-400 cm soil profile. This was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of deficient irrigation (I.e., 2-3 irrigations during winter wheat season, irrigation when needed during summer maize season) and sufficient irrigation (I.e., 4-5 irrigations during winter wheat season, irrigation when needed during summer maize season) with accumulated NO3-N in the 0-400 cm soil profile of 1 148 kg(N)hm~2 and 961 kg(N)hm"2, respectively. Compared with deficient and sufficient irrigation treatments, accumulated NO3~-N in the 100-200 cm soil layer was higher than in the other soil layers under arid irrigationtreatment. From 2003-2005, increases in NO3 -N in the 0-400 cm soil profile were different among different irrigation treatments. The amounts of fertilizer N left in the soil under arid irrigation, deficient irrigation and sufficient irrigation were 23%, 22% and 47%, respectively. No-tillage decreased grain yield, changed soil water movement and increased water storage in deep soils, which in turn increased the risk of NC>3~-N leaching. Based on the results, 200 kg·hnm-2-a-1 N input with less irrigation and balanced fertilization were the most effective mode that protected groundwater from nitrate pollution in NCR关键词
小麦-玉米轮作/硝态氮累积/氮淋失/水量平衡/施肥/灌溉措施/免耕Key words
Wheat-maize rotation/ Nitrate nitrogen accumulation/ Nitrogen leaching/ Water balance/ Fertilization/ Irrigation practice/ No-tillage分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
李晓欣,马洪斌,胡春胜,张桂杰..华北山前平原农田土壤硝态氮淋失与调控研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(5):1109-1114,6.基金项目
中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX2-YW-449)和国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07209-007)资助 （KZCX2-YW-449）
