心理学报2011，Vol.43Issue(9)：1026-1037,12.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1041.2011.01026
心理韧性儿童的社会能力自我觉知
Perceived Social Competence of Resilient Children
摘要
Abstract
This study aims to 1) explore how resilient children perceive their social competence and self-efficacy in comparison with nonresilient ones, 2) examine the difference in discrepancy between explicitly-perceived and real social competence between the two groups, and 3) unveil the group difference in implicitly-perceived social competence.A converging technique was used to assess the severity of stresses/adversities and multiple aspects of psychosocial functions in 523 primary and middle students (from grade 3 to 8); 99 and 176 children were identified as resilient and nonresilient, respectively. The children's explicitly-perceived social competence was measured by the Perceived Competence Scale for Children (PCSC) and the Self Efficacy Scale (SES), their implicitly-perceived social competence by Implicit Associate Test (IAT). Scores of real social competence were obtained by multi-information and multi-dimension methods. Descriptive statistics, (partial) correlation, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and (M)ANCOVA were adopted to compare the explicitly- and implicitly-perceived social competence, self-efficacy, explicitly-perceived and real social competence discrepancy in resilient children to their nonresilient counterparts.Results indicated that resilient children had higher total scores than nonresilient children both on PCSC (F(4,266)=4.58, p=0.001) and SES (F(2,270)= 11.07, p<0.001), with significant group differences in PCSC's subscale of cognitive competence (F( 1,269)= 16.09, p<0.001), social competence (F(l,269)=4.06, p=0.045), and general self-worth (F(l,269)=7.45, p=0.007), as well as in SES's subscale of general self-efficacy (F(l,271)= 21.93, p<0.001), except physical competence subscale of PCSC (F(l,269)=0.53, p=0.468) and social self-efficacy subscale of SES (F( 1,271)= 1.76, p=0.185). Children's explicitly-perceived social competence and psychosocial functions proved to be significantly intercorrelated (r=0.56, Af=499, p<0.001). In addition, this study showed that nonresilient children tended to have perceived social competence close to (f(174)=0.68~1.33, p>0.05), but interestingly, statistically uncorrelated with (r=0.02~0.08, n=175, p>0.05) their real social competence, while resilient children tended to perceive their social competence lower than (t(97)= -4.54-3.11, p<0.0l) but positively correlated to (r=0.24~0.36, n=98, p<0.05) their real social competence. Substantial differences were also found in the discrepancy of explicitly-perceived and real social competence (F( 1,271)= 10.72-18.28, psS0.001) and in that of incompatible and compatible IAT task response time (F(l,146)=4.41, p<0.037) between the two groups.In conclusion, resilient children had higher perception of their social competence and self-efficacy in general than their nonresilient peers. The discrepancy between explicitly-perceived and real social competence differed between the two groups. Resilient children tended to perceive themselves as more competent than the nonresilient according to IAT. The characteristics of self-perception of social competence in resilient children and their implications for development of resilience were discussed.关键词
社会能力自我觉知/自我效能感/心理韧性儿童/缺乏心理韧性儿童/内隐联结测验Key words
perceived social competence/ self-efficacy/ resilient children/ nonresilient children/ Implicit Associate Test (IAT)分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
席居哲,左志宏,桑标..心理韧性儿童的社会能力自我觉知[J].心理学报,2011,43(9):1026-1037,12.基金项目
国家社会科学基金青年项目(08CSH026)、全国教育科学“十五”规划教育部重点课题(DBA050055)、国家理科基础学科人才培养基金(J0730754)和上海市教育科学研究项目(B08013)资助. （08CSH026）
