灾害学2012，Vol.27Issue(1)：101-106,6.
华北1743-1744年与1876-1878年旱灾中的政府粮食调度与社会后果对比
Comparison of Governmental Relief Food Scheduling and Social Consequences during Droughts of 1743 -1744 AD and 1876 -1878 AD in North China
摘要
Abstract
In this paper, based on historical documents ( mainly Actual Annals of Qing Dynasty) and climate change research, two typical droughts respectively occurring in the flourishing (1743 - 1744 AD) and declining (1876 - 1878 AD) periods of the Qing dynasty in North China are selected and reconstructed with historical information about climate background, disaster situation, governmental measures ( especially inter-regional relief food scheduling conducted by central government) , and social consequences ( refugee migration and revolts). The results of comparative study of the two cases are as follows. Governmental relief food scheduling during drought of 1743 - 1744 AD could be characterized by colossal amount, broad sources, and high efficiency, which led to superbly organized famine relief and well maintained social order. In contrast, during drought of 1876 -1878 AD, relief food raised by government was extremely limited in both amount and sources, and even worse, inefficiently transported to disaster area. Consequently, mass emigration and numerous revolting events broke out in and after the drought. The transformation occurred in the background of agricultural depression in main grain producing areas, interruption of Grand Canal, and decline of water transport & storage system. In addition, the different transport accessibility of disaster areas of the two droughts was also an important factor in relief food scheduling.关键词
华北/历史旱灾/社会响应/粮食调度/《清实录》Key words
North China/ historical droughts/ social response/ relief food scheduling/ Actual Annals of Qing Dynasty分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
萧凌波,黄欢,魏柱灯..华北1743-1744年与1876-1878年旱灾中的政府粮食调度与社会后果对比[J].灾害学,2012,27(1):101-106,6.基金项目
"九七三"计划(2010CB950103) （2010CB950103）
国家自然科学基金(40901099,41071127) （40901099,41071127）
