中国生态农业学报2012，Vol.20Issue(4)：454-458,5.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1011.2012.00454
萌芽开花期梨枣对土壤水势的响应
Response of pear-jujube to different soil water potentials during budding and flowering stages
摘要
Abstract
Pear-jujube is widely cultivated in the Loess Plateau Region (LPR) of China where it is used to reforest farmlands. Pear-jujube culture was previously constrained by wasteful use of limited water resources that characterized traditional irrigation, restricting local agricultural development. It was therefore vital to study water demand at different growth stages of pear-jujube. This paper discussed the response of 4-year-old pear-jujube trees to different soil water potentials. Both vegetative and reproductive growth processes were studied in commercial pear-jujube orchards in Mengcha Village of Mizhi County, Shaanxi Province. Four levels of soil water potentials [-31-51 kPa, -41-84 kPa, -59-132 kPa and -161 kPa (no irrigation treatment)] were set up to determine suitable soil water potentials at budding and flowering stages of pear-jujube. While soil water potential was measured using the equilibrium tensiometer (EQ15), trunk diameter fluctuation was measured using the linear variable displacement transformers (LVDT). The results showed that in different soil water potentials, trunk diameter fluctuation and vegetative and reproductive growths among treatments were significantly different (P < 0.05). During the budding stage, suitable soil water potential was in the range of-41-84 kPa, in which pear-jujube vegetative and reductive growths were flourished with the least maximum daily shrinkage (MDS) among the treatments. However, the suitable soil water potential for pear-jujube flower bud differentiation was in the range of -41--132 kPa. Although mild water stress did not adversely affect flower bud differentiation during budding stage, vegetative growth dropped and vegetative-reproductive growth relationship optimized. As at soil water potential range of -54-78 kPaduring flowering stage, MDS dropped to lowest point while fruit setting percent was highest. The most suitable soil water potential at pear-jujube flowering stage was therefore in the range of -54-78 kPa. Also the most suitable soil water potential for pear-jujube fruit setting was in the range of-79-114 kPa, in which fruit setting percent was highest. Hence at flowering stage, mild water stress increased fruit setting. At budding and flowering stages, water-logging and severe water-stress limited vegetative and reproductive growths and reduced fruit setting percent. However, water-logging enhanced trunk growth and severe water-stress retarded trunk growth. Furthermore, no real need of irrigating pear-jujube at budding stage was noted during normal years. This was because precipitation was enough for sprouting, lamina opening and flower bud development. However, precipitation alone was not enough at pear-jujube flowering stage during normal years.关键词
梨枣(Ziziphusjujuba Mill.)/土壤水势/水分亏缺/萌芽开花期/茎直径微变化/营养生长/生殖生长Key words
Pear-jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)/Soil water potential/Water deficit/Budding and flowering stage/Trunk diameter fluctuation/Vegetative growth/Reproductive growth分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
韩立新,汪有科,张琳琳..萌芽开花期梨枣对土壤水势的响应[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(4):454-458,5.基金项目
西北生态脆弱区经济作物高效用水关键技术研究与示范(2011BAD29B04)和节水型旱作红枣修剪技术集成与示范(2011KTCL02-02)资助 （2011BAD29B04）
