水土保持学报2012，Vol.26Issue(1)：6-11,6.
巢湖流域不同耕作和施肥方式下农田养分径流流失特征
Characteristics of Nutrient Runoff Losses from Farmland Under Different Tillage and Fertilization Methods in Chaohu Lake Region
摘要
Abstract
In order to explore the ways of reducing nutrient runoff losses and improving lake water quality by effective tillage and fertilization methods,a long-term field experiment to study the characteristics of nutrient runoff losses from farmland was conducted in Chaohu lake region.The results of winter wheat in 2009-2010 showed that,the total nitrogen（TN） concentration in runoff of winter wheat field was 2.12～4.34 mg/L,in which the dissolved nitrogen（DN） accounted for 72%～92%.Nitrate nitrogen（NO-3-N） was the major form of DN in surface runoff,followed by dissolved organic nitrogen（DON） and the proportion of ammonium（NH＋4-N） was very low.The concentration of total phosphorous（TP） in runoff ranged between 0.095～0.360 mg/L,in which the particulate phosphorous（PP） accounted for 51%～69%.DN as well as PP was the main form of N and P loss by runoff from farmland.The long-term conservation tillage increased the concentration of TN,DN,NO-3-N,DON and DP,reduced the concentration of PN and PP,and had no obvious influences on the NH＋4-N and TP concentration.Postponing N application could decrease the phosphorous concentration in the surface runoff,while probably increasing the nitrogen concentration after the several days of nitrogen fertilizer topdressing in some extent.The nitrogen and phosphorous runoff losses from winter wheat field in the conditions of conventional tillage were 1.065 kg/hm2 and 0.079 kg/hm2,occupying 0.71% and 0.24% in the applied N and P at the wheat cropping season,respectively.Compared with conventional tillage（CT）,the nitrogen loads in runoff of conventional tillage＋straw returning（CTS）,N fertilization postponed（NFP） and non-tillage straw returning＋N fertilization postponed（NTS＋NFP） declined by 14%,21% and 24%,as well as by 20%,21% and 24% for the phosphorous loads,respectively.Assuring the production of winter wheat,the conservation tillage and postponing N fertilization could be the major measures for the source control of the nitrogen and phosphorous loss via runoff from wheat field in control of agriculture non-point source pollution from farmlands in Chaohu lake region.关键词
保护性耕作/氮肥后移/氮/磷/径流损失/面源污染Key words
conservation tillage/N fertilizer postpone/nitrogen/phosphorous/runoff loss/agriculture non-point source pollution分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
王静,郭熙盛,王允青,丁树文..巢湖流域不同耕作和施肥方式下农田养分径流流失特征[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(1):6-11,6.基金项目
国家科技支撑计划 （）
安徽省科技攻关计划 （）
