植物营养与肥料学报2012，Vol.18Issue(2)：261-272,12.
不同地力水平下超级稻高产高效适宜施氮量及其机理的研究
Optimum nitrogen application and its mechanism of high yield and efficiency technique in super rice under different soil fertilities
摘要
Abstract
In the rice-wheat double cropping system of the Huaibei region, Jiangsu province, super rice ＇ Xudao 3＇ , a representative middle-season and middle japonica rice cultivar, was used to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates on yield, nitrogen uptake and utilization of super rice under different levels of soil fertility. Furthermore, the mechanism of high yield and efficiency technique in super rice under different soil conditions was explored. The results show that under the same nitrogen application level, the rice yields of high-fertility fields are significantly higher than those of middle-fertility fields, and the yields the low-fertility fields are least. According to the measurement of two years, the maximum yields corresponding to the optimum nitrogen fertilization are 259.9 and 261.7 kg/ha, 290. 1 and 290.8 kg/ha, 346. 8 and 344. lkg/ha in the three kinds of soils in the two years, respectively. There are significant quadratic relationships between apparent N recovery efficiency （ANRE） and N application rate, and the optimal N application rates for the highest ANRE are 274. 1 and 263.0 kg/ha, 295.4 and 291.3 kg/ha, 332.6 and 337.7 kg/ha in the three kinds of soils in the two years, respectively. Nitrogen harvest index （NHI）, nitrogen production efficiency （NPGE） and physiological nitrogen use efficiency （PNUE） are significantly different, which are decreased with the increase of the nitrogen application rates. Higher total spikelets could be obtained by adjusting amount of nitrogen under different soil fertilities, and the yield components could develop coordinately. With the development of plant growth, nitrogen accumulation rates are increased, while NTE （Nitrogen translocation amount） and NCR （Nitrogen translocation efficiency） are decreased, and N uptake rates are increased firstly and then decreased from heading to maturity. The above indicators are in order： high soil fertility 〉 medium soil fertility 〉 low soil fertility. By studying the relationship of the yield and N use efficiency under different soil fertilities and for achieving the target of high yield and high efficiency, we think that the high soil fertility should control nitrogen application rate in order to adjust the yield components of the joint development while improving nitrogen use efficiency, the medium and low soil fertilitites should increase nitrogen application rate and enhance soil fertility in order to increase the total spikelets and nitrogen accumulation. The highest grain yields and N utilization rates are obtained when N application rates are 261.7（259. 9 -274. 1 ） kg/ha, 290. 8（290. 1 -295.4） kg/ha, 344. 1 （332. 6 -346. 8） kg/ha aunder high, middle and low soil fertility levels, respectively.关键词
超级稻/地力水平/施氮量/产量/氮素吸收/氮素利用Key words
supper rice/soil fertility level/nitrogen application rate/yield/nitrogen uptake/nitrogen utilization分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
张军,董啸波,葛梦婕,张洪程,郭保卫,陈京都,姚义,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,魏海燕..不同地力水平下超级稻高产高效适宜施氮量及其机理的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(2):261-272,12.基金项目
国家粮食丰产科技工程项目 （）
江苏粮食丰产科技工程 （）
超级稻配套栽培技术开发与技术集成项目（农业部专项）资助. （）
