矿床地质2012，Vol.31Issue(2)：293-308,16.
铌钽矿研究进展和攀西地区铌钽矿成因初探
Advances in study of Nb-Ta ore deposits in Panxi area and tentative discussion on genesis of these ore deposits
摘要
Abstract
Niobium and tantalum ore deposits are mainly hosted in pegmatites, Li-F-rich granites, alkali intrusive rocks, carbonatites and alluvial sandstones. The first two types of ore deposits are dominated by tantalum and the other ore deposits by niobium. Niobium and tantalum are present mainly as independent minerals (such as columbite, tantalite, microlite and pyrochlore) disseminated in the host rocks and occasionally isomorphously in other minerals (such as mica, titanite, aegirine and ilmenite). Two main enrichment mechanisms for Nb-Ta ores are suggested: (1) fractional crystallization from granitic melt rich in F, Na and rare metals; (2) hydrother-mal metasomatism of granite after magmatism. The Nb-Ta ore deposits in Panxi area (Panzhihua-Xichang) are mostly distributed along the fracture belt, and the ore bodies are hosted in alkali pegmatite veins and alkali granites, closely related to adjacent syenites and granites widely spread in this area. The main ore minerals are pyrochlore and fergusenite. Studies show that the metallogenesis might have been an event related to Permian Emeishan mantle plume. The felsic rocks (syenites and granites), probably the parent rocks of the ore deposits, were products of Permian Emeishan mantle plume similar to widespread Emeishan basalts and gabbros. The alkali pegmatite veins (e. g., Luku and Baicao) were formed by fractional crystallization from alkali magma and ore-bearing alkali granites by differentiation of granitic magma. Besides, the hydrothermal metasomatism might have contributed to the concentration of niobium and tantalum, as evidenced by the fact that ore minerals are always present where albitization occurs. It is therefore considered that the formation of Nb-Ta ore deposits in Panxi area resulted from both fractional crystallization and hydrothermal metasomatism.Niobium and tantalum ore deposits are mainly hosted in pegmatites, Li-F-rich granites, alkali intrusive rocks, carbonatites and alluvial sandstones. The first two types of ore deposits are dominated by tantalum and the other ore deposits by niobium. Niobium and tantalum are present mainly as independent minerals (such as columbite, tantalite, microlite and pyrochlore) disseminated in the host rocks and occasionally isomorphously in other minerals (such as mica, titanite, aegirine and ilmenite). Two main enrichment mechanisms for Nb-Ta ores are suggested: (1) fractional crystallization from granitic melt rich in F, Na and rare metals; (2) hydrother-mal metasomatism of granite after magmatism. The Nb-Ta ore deposits in Panxi area (Panzhihua-Xichang) are mostly distributed along the fracture belt, and the ore bodies are hosted in alkali pegmatite veins and alkali granites, closely related to adjacent syenites and granites widely spread in this area. The main ore minerals are pyrochlore and fergusenite. Studies show that the metallogenesis might have been an event related to Permian Emeishan mantle plume. The felsic rocks (syenites and granites), probably the parent rocks of the ore deposits, were products of Permian Emeishan mantle plume similar to widespread Emeishan basalts and gabbros. The alkali pegmatite veins (e. g., Luku and Baicao) were formed by fractional crystallization from alkali magma and ore-bearing alkali granites by differentiation of granitic magma. Besides, the hydrothermal metasomatism might have contributed to the concentration of niobium and tantalum, as evidenced by the fact that ore minerals are always present where albitization occurs. It is therefore considered that the formation of Nb-Ta ore deposits in Panxi area resulted from both fractional crystallization and hydrothermal metasomatism.Niobium and tantalum ore deposits are mainly hosted in pegmatites, Li-F-rich granites, alkali intrusive rocks, carbonatites and alluvial sandstones. The first two types of ore deposits are dominated by tantalum and the other ore deposits by niobium. Niobium and tantalum are present mainly as independent minerals (such as columbite, tantalite, microlite and pyrochlore) disseminated in the host rocks and occasionally isomorphously in other minerals (such as mica, titanite, aegirine and ilmenite). Two main enrichment mechanisms for Nb-Ta ores are suggested: (1) fractional crystallization from granitic melt rich in F, Na and rare metals; (2) hydrother-mal metasomatism of granite after magmatism. The Nb-Ta ore deposits in Panxi area (Panzhihua-Xichang) are mostly distributed along the fracture belt, and the ore bodies are hosted in alkali pegmatite veins and alkali granites, closely related to adjacent syenites and granites widely spread in this area. The main ore minerals are pyrochlore and fergusenite. Studies show that the metallogenesis might have been an event related to Permian Emeishan mantle plume. The felsic rocks (syenites and granites), probably the parent rocks of the ore deposits, were products of Permian Emeishan mantle plume similar to widespread Emeishan basalts and gabbros. The alkali pegmatite veins (e. g., Luku and Baicao) were formed by fractional crystallization from alkali magma and ore-bearing alkali granites by differentiation of granitic magma. Besides, the hydrothermal metasomatism might have contributed to the concentration of niobium and tantalum, as evidenced by the fact that ore minerals are always present where albitization occurs. It is therefore considered that the formation of Nb-Ta ore deposits in Panxi area resulted from both fractional crystallization and hydrothermal metasomatism.Niobium and tantalum ore deposits are mainly hosted in pegmatites, Li-F-rich granites, alkali intrusive rocks, carbonatites and alluvial sandstones. The first two types of ore deposits are dominated by tantalum and the other ore deposits by niobium. Niobium and tantalum are present mainly as independent minerals (such as columbite, tantalite, microlite and pyrochlore) disseminated in the host rocks and occasionally isomorphously in other minerals (such as mica, titanite, aegirine and ilmenite). Two main enrichment mechanisms for Nb-Ta ores are suggested: (1) fractional crystallization from granitic melt rich in F, Na and rare metals; (2) hydrother-mal metasomatism of granite after magmatism. The Nb-Ta ore deposits in Panxi area (Panzhihua-Xichang) are mostly distributed along the fracture belt, and the ore bodies are hosted in alkali pegmatite veins and alkali granites, closely related to adjacent syenites and granites widely spread in this area. The main ore minerals are pyrochlore and fergusenite. Studies show that the metallogenesis might have been an event related to Permian Emeishan mantle plume. The felsic rocks (syenites and granites), probably the parent rocks of the ore deposits, were products of Permian Emeishan mantle plume similar to widespread Emeishan basalts and gabbros. The alkali pegmatite veins (e. g., Luku and Baicao) were formed by fractional crystallization from alkali magma and ore-bearing alkali granites by differentiation of granitic magma. Besides, the hydrothermal metasomatism might have contributed to the concentration of niobium and tantalum, as evidenced by the fact that ore minerals are always present where albitization occurs. It is therefore considered that the formation of Nb-Ta ore deposits in Panxi area resulted from both fractional crystallization and hydrothermal metasomatism.Niobium and tantalum ore deposits are mainly hosted in pegmatites, Li-F-rich granites, alkali intrusive rocks, carbonatites and alluvial sandstones. The first two types of ore deposits are dominated by tantalum and the other ore deposits by niobium. Niobium and tantalum are present mainly as independent minerals (such as columbite, tantalite, microlite and pyrochlore) disseminated in the host rocks and occasionally isomorphously in other minerals (such as mica, titanite, aegirine and ilmenite). Two main enrichment mechanisms for Nb-Ta ores are suggested: (1) fractional crystallization from granitic melt rich in F, Na and rare metals; (2) hydrother-mal metasomatism of granite after magmatism. The Nb-Ta ore deposits in Panxi area (Panzhihua-Xichang) are mostly distributed along the fracture belt, and the ore bodies are hosted in alkali pegmatite veins and alkali granites, closely related to adjacent syenites and granites widely spread in this area. The main ore minerals are pyrochlore and fergusenite. Studies show that the metallogenesis might have been an event related to Permian Emeishan mantle plume. The felsic rocks (syenites and granites), probably the parent rocks of the ore deposits, were products of Permian Emeishan mantle plume similar to widespread Emeishan basalts and gabbros. The alkali pegmatite veins (e. g., Luku and Baicao) were formed by fractional crystallization from alkali magma and ore-bearing alkali granites by differentiation of granitic magma. Besides, the hydrothermal metasomatism might have contributed to the concentration of niobium and tantalum, as evidenced by the fact that ore minerals are always present where albitization occurs. It is therefore considered that the formation of Nb-Ta ore deposits in Panxi area resulted from both fractional crystallization and hydrothermal metasomatism.Niobium and tantalum ore deposits are mainly hosted in pegmatites, Li-F-rich granites, alkali intrusive rocks, carbonatites and alluvial sandstones. The first two types of ore deposits are dominated by tantalum and the other ore deposits by niobium. Niobium and tantalum are present mainly as independent minerals (such as columbite, tantalite, microlite and pyrochlore) disseminated in the host rocks and occasionally isomorphously in other minerals (such as mica, titanite, aegirine and ilmenite). Two main enrichment mechanisms for Nb-Ta ores are suggested: (1) fractional crystallization from granitic melt rich in F, Na and rare metals; (2) hydrother-mal metasomatism of granite after magmatism. The Nb-Ta ore deposits in Panxi area (Panzhihua-Xichang) are mostly distributed along the fracture belt, and the ore bodies are hosted in alkali pegmatite veins and alkali granites, closely related to adjacent syenites and granites widely spread in this area. The main ore minerals are pyrochlore and fergusenite. Studies show that the metallogenesis might have been an event related to Permian Emeishan mantle plume. The felsic rocks (syenites and granites), probably the parent rocks of the ore deposits, were products of Permian Emeishan mantle plume similar to widespread Emeishan basalts and gabbros. The alkali pegmatite veins (e. g., Luku and Baicao) were formed by fractional crystallization from alkali magma and ore-bearing alkali granites by differentiation of granitic magma. Besides, the hydrothermal metasomatism might have contributed to the concentration of niobium and tantalum, as evidenced by the fact that ore minerals are always present where albitization occurs. It is therefore considered that the formation of Nb-Ta ore deposits in Panxi area resulted from both fractional crystallization and hydrothermal metasomatism.Niobium and tantalum ore deposits are mainly hosted in pegmatites, Li-F-rich granites, alkali intrusive rocks, carbonatites and alluvial sandstones. The first two types of ore deposits are dominated by tantalum and the other ore deposits by niobium. Niobium and tantalum are present mainly as independent minerals (such as columbite, tantalite, microlite and pyrochlore) disseminated in the host rocks and occasionally isomorphously in other minerals (such as mica, titanite, aegirine and ilmenite). Two main enrichment mechanisms for Nb-Ta ores are suggested: (1) fractional crystallization from granitic melt rich in F, Na and rare metals; (2) hydrother-mal metasomatism of granite after magmatism. The Nb-Ta ore deposits in Panxi area (Panzhihua-Xichang) are mostly distributed along the fracture belt, and the ore bodies are hosted in alkali pegmatite veins and alkali granites, closely related to adjacent syenites and granites widely spread in this area. The main ore minerals are pyrochlore and fergusenite. Studies show that the metallogenesis might have been an event related to Permian Emeishan mantle plume. The felsic rocks (syenites and granites), probably the parent rocks of the ore deposits, were products of Permian Emeishan mantle plume similar to widespread Emeishan basalts and gabbros. The alkali pegmatite veins (e. g., Luku and Baicao) were formed by fractional crystallization from alkali magma and ore-bearing alkali granites by differentiation of granitic magma. Besides, the hydrothermal metasomatism might have contributed to the concentration of niobium and tantalum, as evidenced by the fact that ore minerals are always present where albitization occurs. It is therefore considered that the formation of Nb-Ta ore deposits in Panxi area resulted from both fractional crystallization and hydrothermal metasomatism.Niobium and tantalum ore deposits are mainly hosted in pegmatites, Li-F-rich granites, alkali intrusive rocks, carbonatites and alluvial sandstones. The first two types of ore deposits are dominated by tantalum and the other ore deposits by niobium. Niobium and tantalum are present mainly as independent minerals (such as columbite, tantalite, microlite and pyrochlore) disseminated in the host rocks and occasionally isomorphously in other minerals (such as mica, titanite, aegirine and ilmenite). Two main enrichment mechanisms for Nb-Ta ores are suggested: (1) fractional crystallization from granitic melt rich in F, Na and rare metals; (2) hydrother-mal metasomatism of granite after magmatism. The Nb-Ta ore deposits in Panxi area (Panzhihua-Xichang) are mostly distributed along the fracture belt, and the ore bodies are hosted in alkali pegmatite veins and alkali granites, closely related to adjacent syenites and granites widely spread in this area. The main ore minerals are pyrochlore and fergusenite. Studies show that the metallogenesis might have been an event related to Permian Emeishan mantle plume. The felsic rocks (syenites and granites), probably the parent rocks of the ore deposits, were products of Permian Emeishan mantle plume similar to widespread Emeishan basalts and gabbros. The alkali pegmatite veins (e. g., Luku and Baicao) were formed by fractional crystallization from alkali magma and ore-bearing alkali granites by differentiation of granitic magma. Besides, the hydrothermal metasomatism might have contributed to the concentration of niobium and tantalum, as evidenced by the fact that ore minerals are always present where albitization occurs. It is therefore considered that the formation of Nb-Ta ore deposits in Panxi area resulted from both fractional crystallization and hydrothermal metasomatism.关键词
地质学/铌钽矿/伟晶岩型/Li-F质花岗岩/碱性岩/结晶分异/热液交代/攀西地区Key words
geology, Nb-Ta ore deposit, pegmatite, Li-F granite, alkali rock, fractional crystallization, hydrothermal metasomatism, Panxi area分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
王汾连,赵太平,陈伟..铌钽矿研究进展和攀西地区铌钽矿成因初探[J].矿床地质,2012,31(2):293-308,16.基金项目
本文得到国家基础研究发展计划(973项目)(2011CB808903)和中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-Q04-06-03)的资助 （973项目）
