中国农业科学2012，Vol.45Issue(11)：2168-2179,12.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.11.005
季节性变暖对中国农作物病虫害的影响
Impacts of Seasonal Climate Warming on Crop Diseases and Pests in China
摘要
Abstract
Based on the previous research, existing facts of the impact of seasonal climate warming on crop diseases and pests and the regularities were systematically analyzed and summarized by detecting the facts of the temporal-spatial variation of crop diseases and pests in response to the seasonal climate warming. Then updated understandings of impacts of seasonal climate warming on crop diseases and pests were put forward. Additionally, directions for future researcji were suggested. Existing facts indicated that warm winter could delay the overwintering period of the pest and pathogen, extend pathogen infection before winter and propagation in winter, reduce overwintering pests mortality and increase the base number of pathogen source and pest source after winter, bring forward the occurrence, immigration and harm periods of diseases and pests, and also make overwintering north boundaries move northward and elevate the upper limit of overwintering altitude. Persistent warm winter could significantly increase the base number of pathogen source. Compared with the normal year, the rate of pathogen reproduction and infection in winter was more than 50% higher than that before winter. The survival rate of pests in winter was one or two times as many as in normal year, the quantity of pathogen and pest sources after winter in nationwide warm winter increased by more than one times. The base number of pest source after the persistent warm winter was more than five times as many as in normal year. The beginning occurrence period of diseases and pests was more than 5 days in advance, even more than 20 and 30 days, respectively. Rice planthoppers' overwintering north boundary moved northward for 2-4 degrees of latitude and wheat stripe rust's upper limit of overwintering altitude was elevated by 100-300 m. Warm spring was conductive to advance the damage period of diseases and pests, accelerate the pace of expansion and aggravate the severity. Torrid summer could elevate some pathogen's lower limit of oversummering altitude, reduce the area and quantity, lengthen some pests developmental period and increase the mortality. Warm autumn was helpful to the residence of pests and one additional generation might occur. The temporal-spatial characteristics of impacts of the seasonal climate warming on crop diseases and pests, impacts projection of occurrence and catastrophe, risk assessment and adaptive strategies are the key issues needed to be resolved in the future.关键词
气候变化/季节性变暖/农作物病虫害Key words
climate change/ seasonal climate warming/ crop diseases and pests引用本文复制引用
霍治国,李茂松,李娜,王丽,黄大鹏,王春艳..季节性变暖对中国农作物病虫害的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(11):2168-2179,12.基金项目
国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201006026) （气象）
