摘要
Abstract
In 1992 the UN Conference on Environment and Development endorsed three major documents; Rio de Janeiro Declaration on Environment and Development, Agenda 21 and Statement of Principles on Forestry. Since then, the international community has made active efforts to boost the implementation of the Rio Spirit; the UN Commission on Sustainable Development has held conferences every year and reviewed the implementation of Agenda 21; lots of countries have formulated national and local Agenda 21 or sustainable development strategies; related international organizations have played very active role in increasing sustainable development capacity building. Taking coordination of development and environment as the principle of action ,every country, according to its own national conditions, has drawn up priority agenda to push the coordination of environment and development so that the globe has made positive advances in the process of realizing sustainable development; remarkable growth has been achieved in world economy, and the position of developing countries in the global economy has been rising; significant effects have been made in social development such as the eradication of poverty, and the whole globe has begun to enter the era of urbanization; the supply of global energy and resources has shown being diversified, and remarkable achievements have been made in energy saving and comprehensive utilization. Under the background of economic development lag and serious poverty, China has played the flagship role in global implementation of Agenda 21; based on its own real conditions, China has learned selectively from other countries, and pursued creatively the development pattern and path with its own characteristics, thus increasing the diversity of options for world sustainable development. For 20 years, although every country has taken active action in sustainable development, the Rio Spirit has not yet been fully turned into action. Great efforts are needed to implement related international commitments and conventions, and we are still facing major challenges. For example, the threat to human subsistence posed by major global environmental issues represented by climate change has been aggravated; the contest for development space under the background of ecological over-loading has become more fierce; global issues on the livelihood of the people have been highlighted; social risk confronting sustainable development has been intensified, and others. It is expected that through the Rio + 20 Conference, related international system arrangement will be continuously formed and perfected, and sustainable development will be further turned into global action; the steps of scientific and technological innovation will be accelerated, further boosting the transformation of the whole globe into green development; the global governance framework should be reformed and strengthened by increasing role of emerging developing countries; the whole globe will make concerted efforts to address major resource and environmental issues; competitive cooperation will prevail in the international relation in the area of sustainable development. 关键词
《21世纪议程》/行动/挑战/展望Key words
Agenda 21/action/challenge/prospect分类
资源环境
