农业环境科学学报2012，Vol.31Issue(5)：1042-1051,10.
京郊典型作物生产体系施肥环境影响的生命周期评价
Life Cycle Assessment of Environmental Impacts by Fertilization in Major Cropping Systems of a Peri-urban Area of Beijing, China
摘要
Abstract
The environmental impacts( including the depletion of non-renewable resources, depletion of fresh water, global warming, soil toxi-city, acidification and aquatic eutrophication) of fertilization in the winter wheat-summer maize and open-field vegetable production systems in Shunyi District were evaluated using a life cycle assessment LCA) method. The above environmental impacts of the entire life cycles( including the exploitation of raw material, fertilizer production and plant cultivation sectors) were evaluated on the basis of 1 t of dry-weight crop grain produced and 1 hm2 of arable land used, where the crop yields and farmers'resources for the assessment were obtained from the surveys conducted during the period of 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. Large difference in the environmental impact among the winter wheat-summer maize and open-field vegetables systems were obtained, where the integrative indicators on the basis of 1 t of dry weight crop grain and 1 hmz farmland for the winter wheat-summer maize system were 0.46 and 4.74, but 2.11 and 26.77 for the open-field vegetable systems. While from the view point of different sectors along the life cycle processes, in comparison with the sectors of the exploitation of raw material and fertilizer production, the plant cultivation sector was identified as the largest contributor to the environmental impact, which accounted for 95.1% and 99.1% of the integrative impacts in the winter wheat-summer maize and open-field vegetable production systems. Furthermore, the six environmental impacts of the both cropping systems was in a rank of aquatic eutrophication>acidification>global warming>fresh water depletion> energy depletion>soil loxicity. The contribution of fertilization within a crop production cycle to the eutrophication was mainly attributed to the ammonia volatilization, nitrate leaching and phosphorus leaching and runoff related to the application of fertilizers; The ammonia volatilization associated to N fertilization was also observed to be responsible for the soil acidification. It was concluded that optimizing the fertilization rate(organic and inorganic fertilizer) in the crop production systems was the key to reduce the environmental impacts of the winter wheat-summer maize and open-field vegetable production in China.关键词
生命周期评价(LCA)/施肥/环境影响/冬小麦-夏玉米/露地蔬菜Key words
life cycle assessment/ fertilization/ environmental impact/ winter wheat-summer maize/ open-field vegetable分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
周冉,班红勤,侯勇,李贞宇,马文奇..京郊典型作物生产体系施肥环境影响的生命周期评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(5):1042-1051,10.基金项目
国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2009CB118608) （973）
