生态环境学报2012，Vol.21Issue(3)：440-445,6.
秸秆还田配施化肥及微生物菌剂对水田土壤酶活性和微生物数量的影响
Effects of returning rice straw to fields with fertilizers and microorganism liquids on soil enzyme activities and microorganisms in paddy fields
摘要
Abstract
Paddy rice straw is widely used to improve soil fertility in China by returning it back to the fields after harvest. However, the straw's nutrients need a long time to be plant available. This paper examined how to accelerate the nutrients transformation to be plant available within a short period of time. In particular, the paper studied the causal connection between returning straw to fields with varying application of fertilizers and microorganism liquids on soil enzyme activities and the number of microorganisms in paddy fields. The investigation has been carried out in Experiment Base of Jiangxi Agriculture University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. Surface soil samples were collected from paddy fields. The experiment included eight components ranging from straw purely, straw with N-fertilizer, straw with compound fertilizer, and straw with microorganism liquids. In detail, the following fertilizer applications have been used: (1) straw 3 000 kghm-2·a-1, (2) straw 3 000 kg·hm-2a-1with Nitrogen 150 kghm-2· a-1, (3) straw 3 000 kg·hm-2·a-1with N 225 kg·hm-2·a-1, (4) straw 3000 kg·hm-2·A-1 with P2O5 75 kg·hm-2·a-1, (5) straw 3 000 kg·hm-2·a-1 with P2O5112.5 kg·hm-2·a-1, (6) straw 3 000 kghmV with N 150 kg·hm-2·a-1, P2O5 75 kg·hm-2·a-1, and K2O 37.5 kg·hm-2·a-1, (7) straw 3 000 kg·hm-2·a-1 with N 225 kg·hm-2·a-1, P2O5 112.5 kg·hm-2·a-1, and K2O 56.3 kg hm-2 a-1, (8) straw 3 000 kghm-2·a-1 with microorganism liquids 15 L·hm-2·a-1. The relationship between soil enzyme activities and microorganisms were determined by multivariate statistical analysis. In contrast to returning straw only to the field (treatment 1), the results showed that combined application of straw with NPK fertilizers and microorganism liquids increased soil catalase (37.5%-68.8%), invertase (32.3%-61.5%), urease activities (48.8%-I02%) significantly. Furthermore, the population of both, bacteria and fungi in soil rose by 95.3%-174% and 286%-351%, respectively, while the population of actinomycetes decreased by 34.5%-39.4%. Soil catalase activities were statistically significantly positively correlated with urease activities. The trial provided evidence on the close correlation between microorganisms and enzyme activities in the soil. Soil catalase activities were mainly determined by the quantity of ammonifying bacteria and nitrifying bacteria. The quantity of fungi has been identified as an important influencing factor of soil invertase activities. Soil urease activities were mainly determined by the quantity of bacteria. After straw's returning to field with NPK and microorganism liquids, the field experiment results showed, soil enzyme activities were improved, and the number of species and individual microbial communities in soil increased and were distributed more evenly. However, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer would restrain the enzyme activities as well as the growth and reproduction of soil microorganisms.关键词
秸秆还田/微生物菌剂/酶活性/微生物数量Key words
straw returning to field/ microorganism liquids/ enzyme activities/ quantity of microorganisms分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
钱海燕,杨滨娟,黄国勤,严玉平,樊哲文,方豫..秸秆还田配施化肥及微生物菌剂对水田土壤酶活性和微生物数量的影响[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(3):440-445,6.基金项目
江西省科技支撑汁划项目(2009BNA09300) （2009BNA09300）
国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B14) （2012BAD14B14）
国际科技合作专项(010S2012ZR0219) （010S2012ZR0219）
