作物学报2012，Vol.38Issue(7)：1155-1166,12.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2012.01155
春化、光周期和矮秆基因在不同国家小麦品种中的分布及其效应
Distribution of Allelic Variation for Vernalization, Photoperiod, and Dwarfing Genes and Their Effects on Growth Period and Plant Height among Cultivars from Major Wheat Producing Countries
摘要
Abstract
To efficiently use exotic resources in Chinese wheat breeding programs, we investigated the heading date, maturity date, and plant height of 100 representative cultivars collected from 14 countries at eight locations in China, and detected the allelic variations of vernalization loci VRN-1 and VRN-B3, photoperiod gene Ppd-Dla, and dwarfing genes Rht-Bib and Rht-Dib by means of molecular markers. The frequencies of vernalization loci were 8.0% for Vrn-Ala, 21.0% for Vrn-BI, 21.0% for Vrn-DI and 64.0% for vrn-AI+vm-BI+ vrn-Dl, except for the absence of dominant allele Vrn-B3 in all tested materials. Dominant vernalization alleles Vrn-Ala, Vm-BI, and Vm-DI were mainly observed in cultivars from Chinese spring wheat region, Italy, India, Canada, Mexico, and Australia; whereas, cultivars carrying all recessive alleles at the four vernalization loci and vm-AI+ vrn-DI+Vm-BI+vm-B3 genotype were mostly found in cultivars from Chinese winter wheat region, United States (US) winter wheat region, Russia winter wheat region, United Kingdom (UK), France, Germany, Romania, Turkey, and Hungary. All cultivars headed normally when sown in autumn. Cultivars with dominant alleles showed earlier heading date than those with recessive alleles, and genotypes with two or more dominant alleles showed additive effects. Some European and US cultivars with recessive genes at the four vernalization loci could not mature in Yangling and Chengdu. Under spring-sown condition, the cultivars with dominant vernalization alleles showed high heading frequency; in contrast, most cultivars with recessive alleles failed to head. Gene Ppd-Dla was distributed mainly in cultivars from China, France, Romania, Russia, Mexico, Australia, and India with the total frequency of 68%. Most cultivars with Ppd-Dlb were from high latitude regions, such as UK, Germany, Hungary, and Canada. The Ppd-Dla genotypes appeared to head earlier than the Ppd-Dlb genotypes. Daylight condition had no effect on maturity of most Ppd-Dla genotypes, but short daylight condition resulted in failing mature in most Ppd-Dlb genotypes. The frequencies of dwarfing genes Rht-Blb and Rht-Dlb were 43.0% and 35.0% in the cultivars tested, respectively. Rht-Blb was mainly observed in cultivars from US, Romania, Turkey, Italy, Mexico, and Australia, while Rht-Dlb had high frequency in varieties from China, Germany, UK, Italy, and India. Generally, cultivars from one country contain either Rht-Blb or Rht-Dlb, and the frequencies of Rht-Blb and Rht-Dlb were very low in cultivars from high latitude regions. The effect of Rht-Blb, Rht-Dlb and Ppd-Dla on reducing plant height was significant, of which Rht-Blb and Rht-Dlb exhibited an additive effect.关键词
普通小麦/春化基因/Ppd-D1a/Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b/分子标记Key words
Common wheat/ Vernalization genes/ Ppd-Dla/ Rht-Blb and Rht-Dlb/ Molecular markers引用本文复制引用
杨芳萍,李式昭,何中虎,夏先春,张勇,张晓科,刘建军,唐建卫,杨学明,张俊儒,刘茜..春化、光周期和矮秆基因在不同国家小麦品种中的分布及其效应[J].作物学报,2012,38(7):1155-1166,12.基金项目
本研究由引进国际先进农业科学技术计划(948计划)项目(2011G-3)和国家自然科学基金项目(31161140346,30960193)资助. （948计划）
