草业学报2012，Vol.21Issue(5)：169-177,9.
灌溉与施氮对留茬免耕春小麦耗水规律、产量和水分利用效率的影响
Effect of irrigation and nitrogen supply levels on water consumption, grain yield and water use efficiency of spring wheat on no-tillage with stubble standing farmland
摘要
Abstract
In the Shiyang River basin, the environmental deterioration caused by excessive nitrogen (N) and ir-rigation application in agricultural ecosystems has received much attention in recent years. A combination of careful irrigation and N management is needed to improve grain yield and water use efficiency (WUE) in the arid oasis agricultural area of Northwest China. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different irrigation and N application rates on water consumption, grain yield and water use efficiency on no-tillage farmland with standing stubble in the oasis region of the Shiyang River basin, Gansu province. The experiment followed a completely randomized split-plot design, taking flood irrigation (conventional irrigation 327 mm), 20%water-saving irrigation (261 mm), 40%water-saving irrigation (196 mm) and N fertilizer application rates (0, 140, 221, 300 kg N/hm2) as the main-plot and split-plot, respectively. Under the experimental conditions, irrigation supply increased the soil water content in 80-120 cm depth measured 24 h before irrigation and in 0-80 cm depth measured 24 h after irrigation. Nitrogen application has no significant effects on the soil water content in 0-120 cm depth. Soil water storage and water consumption rate were increased with amount of irrigation. The soil water storage in the treatments without nitrogen application was significantly higher than that with nitrogen application. Nitrogen application did not significantly affect water consumption rate. When the rate of N application was 221 kg/N hm2 , the grain yield (6 365 kg/hm2) and WUE (14. 51 kg/hm2 · mm) were reached the maximum among other N treatments across irrigation regimes. Spring wheat (Triticum aesti-vum ) grain yield were increased with the amount of irrigation. The increases of grain yield in traditional irrigation were 8. 2% and 32. 2% when compared with 20% water-saving irrigation and 40% water-saving irrigation. The differences of WUE between different irrigations were not significant.关键词
灌溉/施氮/土壤水分/产量/水分利用效率Key words
irrigation/nitrogen/soil water content/grain yield/water use efficiency分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
刘青林,张恩和,王琦,王田涛,刘朝巍,尹辉,俞华林..灌溉与施氮对留茬免耕春小麦耗水规律、产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].草业学报,2012,21(5):169-177,9.基金项目
国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B10)资助. （2012BAD14B10）
