中国农业科学2012，Vol.45Issue(18)：3782-3791,10.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.18.011
控释肥与普通肥料混施对设施番茄生长和土壤硝态氮残留的影响
Effects of Mixed Application of Controlled-release Fertilizer and Common Fertilizers on Greenhouse Tomato Growth, Yield,Root Distribution, and Soil Nitrate Residual
摘要
Abstract
[Objective] An experiment was conducted in greenhouse in a Beijing suburb to evaluate the effects of mixed application of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) and common fertilizers on tomato growth and its environmental pollution. [Method]Plant height, diameter, leaf area and chlorophyll, root distribution, fresh fruit yield and quality, mineral N (Nmin) dynamics in the 0 to 30 cm soil layer and NO3--N residual at harvest in the 0-180 cm soil profile were investigated. [Result] The results showed that fruit yields were 84.1-90.8 t·hm-2 and there was no significant difference among treatments. However, in the controlled-release fertilizer treatment (CN270), fruit nitrate concentration was decreased and the sugar or acid content was improved when compared with other treatments. Plant height and diameter, or leaf chlorophyll were not reduced and leaf area was enlarged and then reached a remarkable difference level at the third spike fruit expanding stage in the CN270 treatment, when compared with the conventional fertilizer treatment (N450) which received 40% more nitrogen than the CN270 treatment. Most of the root system was concentrated in the top 30 cm of the soil profile, where root length density ranged between 0.39 and 1.75 cm·cm-3. Values of root length density from the N450 and CN270 treatments were similar, but were obviously larger than that from another conventional fertilizer treatment which received 270 kgN·hm-2(N270). Nmin ranged from 643 to 796 kg·hm-2 in the CN270 treatment in the 0-30 cm soil layer at fruit expanding stage, and a better N supply to meet plant requirement was also observed. At harvest, most of NO3--N accumulation in the surface soil layer in CN270 treatment resulted in less nitrate leaching down to the deeper soil layer. I Conclusion 3 It was be concluded that the application of CRF and common fertilizers at a lower N rate achieved the same yield and higher fruit quality, better root growth and less leaching of NO3--N to deeper soil layers, when compared to conventional fertilization at a higher or same N rate. The mixed application of CRF and common fertilizer on the greenhouse tomato is a better way to obtain a better-quality fruit and energy-saving production system.关键词
设施番茄/控释肥料/根系分布/土壤NO3--NKey words
greenhouse tomato/ controlled-release fertilizer/ root distribution/ soil nitrate引用本文复制引用
杨俊刚,张冬雷,徐凯,倪小会,肖强,曹兵,刘宝存,邹国元..控释肥与普通肥料混施对设施番茄生长和土壤硝态氮残留的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(18):3782-3791,10.基金项目
国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD11B01)、北京市科技新星计划(2010B028,2008B38)和北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心阶梯计划(Z11110505311092)、北京市农林科学院青年基金 （2011BAD11B01）
