生态与农村环境学报2013，Vol.29Issue(1)：8-16,9.
全球生物多样性评估方法及研究进展
Approaches to Assessment of Global Biodiversity and Advancements in Their Researches.
摘要
Abstract
How to assess the global biodiversity and predict its declining trend and associated impacts on the well-being of mankind has turned out to be one of the important orientations of the current study on biodiversity over the world. The connotation of, approaches to and achievements in global biodiversity assessment have been elaborated by combining recent advancement in the study on global biodiversity assessment. The conceptual framework of driving-force-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) is currently the major framework in use in most biodiversity assessment projects. Based on objectives of the assessments, the methods of biodiversity assessment can be classified into three main types, i. e. index assessment, model simulation, and scenario analysis. Currently, the global 2010 target assessment indicator framework, the integrated model to assess the global environment (IMAGE)/GLOBIO model, and the scenario models set up on environmental outlooks of Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA), Global Environment Outlook (GEO), and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) are most commonly used in the global assessment projects. The results of a number of global assessment projects show that the declining trend of the global biodiversity has not yet been effectively curbed, and will even be accelerated in this century. In the future, the study should go deep in understanding the relationship between biodiversity, ecosystem service and human well-being, and exploring for development of a 2020 global assessment indicator framework and a multi-scenario, multi-model and multi-ecosystem based integrated biodiversity assessment method. China should conscientiously sum up its experience in studying theories and methodology for global biodiversity assessment, strengthen construction of its 2020 target assessment indicator framework and biodiversity monitoring network, develop area-specific integrated biodiversity assessment models and scenario analysis methods with proprietary intellectual property rights, conduct periodically integrated assessment of the biodiversity of the country, get to know status quo and developing trend of its biodiversity, so as to provide services to its decision-makers in respect to preservation and management of biodiversity.关键词
生物多样性评估/评价指标/模型/情景分析Key words
biodiversity assessment/ assessment index/ model/ scenario analysis分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
曹铭昌,乐志芳,雷军成,徐海根..全球生物多样性评估方法及研究进展[J].生态与农村环境学报,2013,29(1):8-16,9.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(41101424) （41101424）
国家科技支撑计划(2012BAC01B00) （2012BAC01B00）
江苏省自然科学基金(BK2011083) （BK2011083）
环境保护部南京环境科学研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项 （）
