中国农业科学2012，Vol.45Issue(22)：4574-4586,13.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-17522012.22.004
休闲期耕作对旱地小麦土壤水分、花后脯氨酸积累及籽粒蛋白质积累的影响
Effect of Tillage in Fallow Period on Soil Water,Post-Anthesis Proline Accumulation and Grains Protein Accumulation in Dryland Wheat
摘要
Abstract
[ Objective] A field plot experiment was conducted to study the effect of tillage in fallow period at different times on soil water storage, post-anthesis proline accumulation in flag leaves and grains and grains protein accumulation in winter wheat. The study will supply a new way for soil moisture conservation of one time in fallow period and a theoretical basis for improving yield and quality of dryland wheat. [Method] The effects of two treatment stages including 15 days and 45 days after wheat harvest, two tillage methods including deep tillage and subsoiling (no tillage as control) on soil water storage, post-anthesis proline accumulation in flag leaves and grains, protein accumulation, the change of activity of glutamine synthetase (GS) and activity of glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH), grains protein and the relation between proline content and nitrogen metabolism enzyme were determined. [Result] The results showed that soil water storage at the depth of 0-300 cm was improved by tillage in fallow period, especially in dry year and deep tillage in 45 days after wheat harvest had better soil moisture conservation effects. Proline content in flag leaves, proline content in grains of post-anthesis 5-15 d and activity of GDH in flag leaves and grains were reduced, however, GS in grains and protein yield in grains were enhanced by tillage in fallow period. Tillage stage had obvious difference in activity of GS and grain protein content in different rainfall years. Activity of GS in flag leaves and protein content in grains were reduced by tillage in dry year. In abundant water year the activity of GS in flag leaves and protein content in grains were reduced in 15 days after wheat harvest and enhanced in 45 days after wheat harvest by tillage. Under tillage in fallow period, the correlation between soil water storage before sowing and proline content in grains was higher than that of proline content in flag leaves by tillage in fallow period. The relation between proline content in flag leaves and the activity of GDH in flag leaves, proline content in grains and the activity of GS in flag leaves was closed in 15 days after wheat harvest by tillage. The relation between proline content in flag leaves and the activity of GDH in grains was closed in 45 days after wheat harvest by tillage. But there were no relation between proline in grains and two enzymes in 45 days after wheat harvest by tillage. [Conclusion] The above results suggested that tillage in fallow period especially in dry year had better soil moisture conservation effects, benefit for decreasing the proline content in flag leaves and proline content in grains at early filling stage, relieving drought degree of wheat suffered. As proline content had a great relation with nitrogen metabolism enzyme, so grains protein accumulation was affected. Tillage stage had great regulation effects on soil water, post-anthesis proline accumulation and grains protein accumulation. Deep tillage after rainfall benefit for grains protein formation.关键词
旱地小麦/休闲期/耕作/脯氨酸含量/氮代谢/籽粒蛋白质含量Key words
dryland wheat/ fallow period/ tillage/ proline content/ nitrogen metabolism/ protein content引用本文复制引用
赵红梅,高志强,孙敏,赵维峰,李青,邓妍,杨珍平..休闲期耕作对旱地小麦土壤水分、花后脯氨酸积累及籽粒蛋白质积累的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(22):4574-4586,13.基金项目
农业部现代农业产业技术体系建设专项经费(CARS-03-01-24)、国家公益性行业科研专项经费(200903007-10)、国家自然科学基金(31101112)、山西省回国留学人员科研项目(2009037)、山西省青年基金(2010021028-3)、山西省科技攻关项目(20110311001-4) （CARS-03-01-24）
