摘要
Abstract
With the general expansions of company size, and the emphasis on core competencies, the supply chain based on supply-hub is more and more popular for its introduction of professional logistics operators, and both vertical and horizontal integration. As the main idea of supply chain management is based on an overall thinking and system theory, the bilateral marginal effects are to be solved first.
Since the first practice of the supply chain based on supply-hub, more than ten years have passed. However few articles established quantitative models to reveal the running of its logistics costs. Let along trying to solve the bilateral marginal effects. This article established a three-level logistics costs model based on milk-run to try to make up the blank.
Firstly, in this model, the logistics costs of the supply chain based on supply-hub included five parts, including: the inventory cost of suppliers; the distribution cost from suppliers to supply-hub; the distribution cost form supply-hub to manufactories; the inventory cost of the supply-hub; the ordering cost of supply-hub.
Secondly, it chose the ratio of the production volume and the distribution volume as the variable of the model, and get resolutions respectively based on centralized decision-making and independent decision-making. Results showed that the uncooperative logistics costs were higher than cooperative logistics costs. That meant it revealed the bilateral marginal effects quantitatively.
Thirdly, it showed the basic way to reduce the bilateral marginal effect. As the primary cause of bilateral marginal effect is that the members of the supply chain system decide its operating parameters only to maximize its own interests but not the whole interests of the supply chain system, the basic way to reduce bilateral marginal effect rely on redistribution of the benefits from the optimization. This article tried to let the suppliers who have benefited from the optimization to make up the loss of the operator of the supply-hub. And the compensation percentage of every supplier equals its benefit percentage. In this way, the bilateral marginal effect was eliminated.
The main conclusions are:
1. It revealed the compositions of the logistics costs of the supply chain system based on supply-hub, and made clear of the relationship among those parts.
2. It revealed quantitatively that the ratio of the production volume and the distribution volume is a determinant to the logistics costs of the supply chain system based on supply-hub. The ratio determines both the toll logistics costs of the supply chain and the allocation proportion of the toll costs among the members of the supply chain system.
3. The redistribution of the benefits from optimization is the basic way to get an agreement to start the optimization among the members of the supply chain system.
关键词
供应链物流成本优化/集配中心/双边际效应/效益再分配Key words
optimization of logistics costs of supply chain system/ supply-hub/ bilateral marginal effect/ redistribution of benefits分类
管理科学
