应用生态学报2012，Vol.23Issue(2)：369-375,7.
底墒和施氮量对渭北旱塬冬小麦产量与水分利用的影响
Effects of soil moisture before sowing and nitrogen fertilization on winter wheat yield and water use on Weibei Plain of Loess Plateau
摘要
Abstract
A five-year site-specific experiment was carried out on the Weibei Plain of Loess Plateau in Shaanxi Province of northwestern China to study the effects of soil moisture regime before sowing (SMBS) and nitrogen fertilization on the grain yield and water use of winter wheat. On the basis of applying 100 kg · hm-2 of P2 O5, five nitrogen fertilization levels (0, 80, 160, 240, and 320 kg N · hm-2) were installed, and took the precipitation in the five years into consideration. In the study area, there was a linear correlation between the precipitation in summer (from July to September) and the SMBS, with an increment of 0. 6 mm SMBS per 1 mm precipitation. For a stable or high wheat yield, the SMBS should be kept around 550 mm, and the precipitation in summer should be around 370—390 mm. In the years with adequate precipitation ( >386 mm) in summer, the SMBS in present winter wheat growth season less decreased by the increase of the nitrogen fertilization rate in previous growth season. However, in the years with less precipitation in summer (<350 mm) , the SMBS in present winter wheat growth season decreased significantly by 9-17 mm when the nitrogen fertilization rate in previous growth season was increased by each 100 kg N · hm-2. In addition to SMBS, adequate precipitation in key growth stages was another important factor to ensure the wheat yield in dryland area because 1 mm SMBS could produce 10. 6-11. 4 kg · hm-2 of wheat grain, and 1 mm precipitation occurred in the key growth stages could lead to more grain yield as high as 30.6-33. 1 kg · hm~2. Variation analysis showed that nitrogen fertilization rate affected the utilization degree of SMBS by winter wheat, while SMBS controlled the allocation and transportation of dry matter from vegetative parts to grain.关键词
冬小麦/氮肥/底墒/产量/水分利用效率Key words
winter wheat/ nitrogen fertilizer/ soil moisture before sowing/ yield/ water use effi-ciencv分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
孟晓瑜,王朝辉,李富翠,李可懿,薛澄,李生秀..底墒和施氮量对渭北旱塬冬小麦产量与水分利用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(2):369-375,7.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(30871596,30971866)、西北农林科技大学创新团队建设计划项目和现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助. （30871596,30971866）
