作物学报2013，Vol.39Issue(4)：673-681,9.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.00673
麦秸还田和氮肥运筹对超级杂交稻茎鞘物质运转与籽粒灌浆特性的影响
Effects of Wheat Straw-Residue Applied to Field and Nitrogen Management on Photosynthate Transportation of Stem and Sheath and Grain-Filling Characteristics in Super Hybrid Rice
摘要
Abstract
Grain filling is the final growth stage in cereals when fertilized ovaries develop into caryopses.The degree and rate of grain filling in rice spikelets differ largely with grain positions on a panicle and photosynthate accumulated in the stem sheath before and after flowering.A rice panicle is usually divided into inferior spikelets and superior spikelets,the poor grain-filling of inferior spikelets is more aggravated in the new bred "super" rice cultivars that have numerous spikelets on a panicle.In order to further investigate the mechanism,and the cultivation measures to improve the yield potential of "super" rice cultivars,two "super" hybrid indica rice cultivars,Yangliangyou 6 and Ⅱ you 084,were field-grown with treatments of two applications of wheat straw (all wheat straw residue applied to field,SRF; no wheat straw residue applied to field,NSRF) and two applications of nitrogen (the basic and tiller fertilizer to the panicle fertilizer=5:5,N1; and 7:3,N2).The accumulations of dry matter and NSC (non-structural carbohydrates) in stem and sheath,transportation percentage,and grain-filling characteristic in superior and inferior spikelets under nitrogen application amount of 225 kg ha-1 were measured.The results showed that the SPAD values of leaves and dry matter accumulation of stem and sheath in treatment of NSRF were higher than those in SRF before heading,which was on the contrary after heading.The SPAD values of the N2 were higher than those of the N1 before heading,but the dry matter accumulation of stem and sheath and its transportation percentage of the N2 were higher than those of the N1 at each growth stage,there was no significant difference before heading,while significant diffrence at heading and ripening periods.The interactions of the SFR and the N2 significantly enhanced dry matter accumulation in stem and sheath,output from stem and sheath,transportation percentage and NSC transportation percentage at mid and late grain-filling stages.Grain weight of the superior or inferior spikelets was positively and significantly or very significantly correlated with dry matter accumulation from heading to ripening,NSC accumulation in stem and sheath at heading,and dry matter weight in stem and sheath at ripening,while negatively and significantly correlated with NSC accumulation at ripening.The positive corrections between the initial growth power of the superior or inferior grains and the NSC accumulation of stems and sheath at heading,between the mean grain-filling rate and the NSC accumulation of stems and NSC transportation percentage at heading stage,between the maximum grain-filling rate of the superior grains and NSC accumulation and NSC translocation efficiency at heading,and between the maximum grain-filling rate of the inferior grains and the NSC transportation percentage were significant or very significant.关键词
氮肥运筹/麦秸还田/超级杂交稻/光合同化物积累与运转/籽粒灌浆特性Key words
Nitrogen application/ Wheat straw residue to field/ Super hybrid rice/ Photosynthate accumulation and transportation/Grain filling characteristic引用本文复制引用
董明辉,陈培峰,顾俊荣,乔中英,黄萌,朱赟德,赵步洪..麦秸还田和氮肥运筹对超级杂交稻茎鞘物质运转与籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(4):673-681,9.基金项目
本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(31171490),江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK2011269),江苏省农业三新工程项目[SX(2011)398,SX(2012)101]和江苏省"333高层次人才培养工程"项目资助. （31171490）
