中国农业科学Issue(5)：823-843,21.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.05.001
植物安全转基因技术研究现状与展望
Current Status of Transgenic Technologies for Safety Consideration in Plants and Future Perspectives
摘要
Abstract
Genetic modification (GM) facilitates research into fundamental questions of plant functional genomics and provides a route for developing novel commercial varieties. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and microparticle bombardment are two widely used methods for plants genetic transformation. Since the first commercial planting of GM crop in 1996, the planting area of GM crops has reached 170 million hectares in 28 countries and regions in 2012. Along with the increased commercialization and planting of a range of GM crops globally, the biosafety of GM crops has become a hot topic and major public concern. Development of the precise and marker-free transgenic technologies would be essential for the commercialization of transgenic crops. In this article, current development status of biosafe and precise transgenic technologies such as the use of selective markers avoidable of biosafety concerns, marker gene deletion and gene pyramiding, the method of control transgene flow as well as target genome editing and integration technologies are reviewed thoroughly. According to the selection principle, four classifications of biosafe selective marker genes have been explored so far such as marker genes related to carbohydrates metabolism, amino acids metabolism, auxins metabolism and abiotic stresses. Compared with antibiotic and herbicide resistant marker genes, the use of these marker genes and their products may not raise any biosafety concerns. Marker gene deletion and gene pyramiding includes co-transformation, site-specific recombination, transposon, intrachromosomal homologous recombination and gene stacking-based site-specific recombination. Among them, co-transformation includes Agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation and microparticle bombardment mediated co-transformation of gene expression cassettes. Gene deletion and stacking technology is essential for production of GM crops with improved complex traits, and gene stacking technology based on site-specific recombination system is expected to become an important technology for producing GM crops with multiple transgenes. The methods for control of transgene flow include chloroplast transformation and transgene split system. Target genome editing and integration technologies include ZFNs, TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 mediated technologies. Among these three technologies, TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies are expected to become a powerful tool in future because of their advantages of simple design and operation, low cost and wide range of targets existing in plant genome. At last, future perspectives and applications of these transgenic technologies for safety consideration in agricultural practice are proposed.关键词
转基因植物/安全标记基因/标记基因删除法/基因叠加/叶绿体转化法/基因拆分法/基因定点修饰Key words
genetic modified (GM) plants/selection marker/marker gene deletion/gene pyramiding/chloroplast transformation/transgene split technology/target genome editing and integration引用本文复制引用
王根平,杜文明,夏兰琴..植物安全转基因技术研究现状与展望[J].中国农业科学,2014,(5):823-843,21.基金项目
国家转基因生物新品种培育重大专项 （）
