农业资源与环境学报Issue(2)：175-184,10.DOI:10.13254/j.jare.2014.0334
应用于水稻生产的增效减负环保型施肥技术比对--以宁夏引黄灌区为例
The Comparison of Different Fertilizer Technologies on Nitrogen Leaching Losses and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice Production-- Taking Ningxia Irrigation Region as an Example
摘要
Abstract
High N fertilizer and flooding irrigation applied to rice in anthropogenic-alluvial soil often result in N leaching and low use efficien-cy of applied fertilizer N from the rice field in Ningxia irrigation region in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Sound N management prac-tices need to be established to improve N use efficiency while sustain high grain yield levels and minimize fertilizer N loss to the environment. We investigated the effects of different fertilizer technologies on N leaching, N use efficiency and rice yield. The four fertilizer N treatments were CK(No nitrogen fertilizer application treatment);FP(Farmer’s practice of application rate of urea at 300 kg N·hm-2, 60%used as base fertilizer, 20%as tillering fertilizer and 20%as booting fertilizer);SD(Controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer at 120 kg N·hm-2, all controlled-release fertilizer was applied as base fertilizer while transplant rice seedlings)and NB(Controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer at 120 kg N· hm-2, all controlled-release fertilizer was applied as base fertilizer in the seeding soil). The results showed that the SD and NB treatments could reduce the amount of nitrogen applied by 60%compared to FP but still maintain crop yields while substantially reducing N losses to the environment. The SD could significantly decrease the N leaching losses from the paddy field. Under the FP treatment, the leaching losses of TN, NO3--N and NH4+-N were 39.89, 26.22 kg·hm-2 and 5.49 kg·hm-2, respectively. Compared with FP treatment, the SD treatment could de-crease the leaching losses of TN, NO3--N and NH4+-N by 18.97, 11.18 kg·hm-2 and 2.27 kg·hm-2. The nitrogen use efficiency of SD treatment was 55.7%which increased by 21.4%compared with FP treatment. NB treatment also could decrease nitrogen leaching losses TN, NO3--N and NH4+-N by 14.36, 10.14 kg·hm-2 and 1.84 kg·hm-2 and increase the N use efficiency by 15.7%compared with FP, but it increased nitro-gen leaching losses of TN, NO3--N and NH4+-N by 4.61, 1.04 kg·hm-2 and 0.43 kg·hm-2 and decreased nitrogen use efficiency by 5.7%com-pared with SD. Considering the importance of sustaining high food production and minimizing negative environmental threat, we recommend the SD as an alternative management strategy for mitigating N loss in irrigated rice system in Ningxia irrigation region.关键词
施肥技术/灌淤土/氮淋失/氮素利用率/宁夏引黄灌区Key words
fertilizer technology/anthropogenic-alluvial soil/nitrogen leaching/nitrogen use efficiency/Ningxia Yellow River irrigation region分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
张爱平,高霁,刘汝亮,陈哲,杨世琦,杨正礼,张晴雯..应用于水稻生产的增效减负环保型施肥技术比对--以宁夏引黄灌区为例[J].农业资源与环境学报,2015,(2):175-184,10.基金项目
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金（BSRF201306）；国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项 （）
