排灌机械工程学报Issue(7)：617-624,8.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8530.13.0157
地下水埋深对玉米生长发育及水分利用的影响
Effects of groundwater depth on maize growth and water use efficiency
摘要
Abstract
Groundwater depth has a significant impact on crop growth,development and water use effi-ciency.A typical summer maize crop is taken as trial object,six (0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1 .0 and 1 .2 m)groundwater depths are set up to investigate its effects on morphological indices,grain yield,water consumption,and groundwater recharge during different growth stages of the summer maize,the diffe-rences in water use efficiency are analyzed too.It is turned out that the groundwater depth shows a little effect on plant height,however,either a too shallow or too deep groundwater level can significantly in-hibit the increase in leaf-area index (LAI)and growth of stem diameter (P<0.05 ).The maximum LAI and the biggest stem diameter are reached at 0.4 m groundwater depth.As the crops grow,num-ber of roots and root dry weight decrease initially,and then increase with increasing groundwater depth,a minimum is achievable at a certain depth.Bleeding sap of root system per plant rises with in-creasing groundwater depth before the grain-fill stage,but the bleeding sap is less affected by ground-water depth when the grain fill stage gets started.Furthermore,the groundwater depth also influences ear size,barren tip length,grain number per ear,1 00-grain weight,and grain yield substantially.It is observed that 0.53 m groundwater depth is optimal for achieving the maximum maize yield.At crop growth stages,soil water content in 0 -80 cm soil layers is decreased with increasing groundwater depth,but the water content at the same groundwater depth exhibits a slight change during various growth stages.The total water consumption,water consumption at each growth stage,and water con-sumption intensity are reduced linearly with increasing groundwater depth;their regression equations with groundwater depth have reached extreme significance level (P <0.01 ).Likewise,the total groundwater recharge,groundwater recharge at each growth stage,and groundwater recharge intensity are also linearly decreased with increasing groundwater depth,the regression equations are at extreme significance level (P <0.01 )as well.Water use efficiency increases with increasing groundwater depth,and reaches the maximum at 1 .2 m depth.The results have practical significance for utilization and assessment of groundwater resources,and formulation of optimal irrigation scheduling to achieve high maize yield in farm lands on the hills around River Yangtze and Huai.关键词
夏玉米/地下水埋深/形态指标/产量/耗水量/地下水补给量Key words
maize/groundwater depth/morphological indices/yields/water consumption/groundwater recharge分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
刘战东,刘祖贵,俞建河,南纪琴,秦安振,肖俊夫,夫..地下水埋深对玉米生长发育及水分利用的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2014,(7):617-624,8.基金项目
国家自然科学基金资助项目（51309226）；国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（nycytx-02）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项 （）
