气象学报Issue(5)：940-947,8.DOI:10.11676/qxxb2014.060
天气学的发展概要--关于锋面气旋学说的四个阶段
Overview of advances in synoptic meteorology:Four stages of development in conceptual models of frontal cyclones
摘要
Abstract
The advance of fluid dynamics may be divided into four stages:ancient,classical,neoteric,and contemporary.A similar four-stage framework can be used to describe the advance of synoptic meteorology,such as the conceptual models of ex-tratropical cyclones and their attendant fronts.The first conceptual model of extratropical cyclones was proposed by Admiral Fitz-Roy in 1863.Based purely on Admiral Fitz-Roy’s personal experience (although it does contain some scientific essentials), this model represents the ancient stage of synoptic meteorology.The Norwegian cyclone model was developed based on Newto-nian mechanics about 100 years ago,and represents the classical stage of synoptic meteorology.This model was based on the i-dea that weather changes are primarily caused by baroclinicity,but contained some serious flaws.In particular,the Norwegian model regarded fronts as zeroth-order discontinuities in density,which was inconsistent with the continuity principle of fluid dy-namics.The Chicago three-dimensional conceptual model of fronts and cyclones,which was developed approximately 50 years ago by using quasi-geostrophic theory,can be thought of as representing the neoteric stage of synoptic meteorology.The Chica-go model was replaced in the late 20 century by a model of extratropical cyclones characterized by back-bent and wrap-up warm fronts.This model has been developed with massive numerical calculations,and represents the contemporary stage of synoptic meteorology.In the era of large data,contemporary synoptic meteorology should be careful to maintain and make full use of the profound physical understanding generated during the neoteric stage of synoptic meteorology.关键词
天气学/锋面气旋/斜压性/准地转动力学/暖锋后弯卷入/数值模拟/视算技术Key words
Synoptic meteorology/Frontal cyclone/Baroclinicity/Guasi-geostrophic dynamics/Back-bent and wrap-up warm front/Numerical simulation/Visualization分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
陶祖钰,熊秋芬,郑永光,王洪庆..天气学的发展概要--关于锋面气旋学说的四个阶段[J].气象学报,2014,(5):940-947,8.基金项目
资助课题公益性行业专项（GYHY201306023）、973项目（2013CB430106）。 （）
