中国生态农业学报Issue(7)：757-765,9.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1011.2014.40202
水稻与慈姑间作栽培对水稻病虫害和产量的影响
Effect of rice/arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia) intercropping on diseases, pests and yield of rice
摘要
Abstract
A considerable amount of evidence has shown that intercropping enhances biodiversity that in turn suppresses pests and diseases. However, few works have been done on exploring the possibility of intercropping rice with other crops in wetlands to reduce pest/insect damage via diversified agro-ecosystem. In this study, a field experiment was conducted to look into the effect of rice and arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia) intercropping on pest/disease occurrence without use of agrochemicals, and to evaluate yield performance. Meanwhile the effects of the intercropping on the microenvironment and photosynthetic gas exchange of rice leaf were examined. Results showed that the rice/arrowhead intercropping did not effectively suppress the population growth of rice hopper and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. However, the intercropping system significantly reduced the occurrence of rice blast and sheath blight diseases. Compared with monocropping system, the intercropping system dropped the occurrence of rice blast at elongation and heading stages significantly by 64.29% and 88.24%, respectively. Diseased hill rate of rice sheath blight at filling and milk-ripening stages also reduced under <br> intercropping. Normally, CAT, POD and SOD activities increased when crops were subjected to pathogenic attack. In this study, CAT, POD and SOD activities were lower under intercropping than under monocropping treatments at filling and milk-ripening stages. Elevated enzyme activity under monocropping was positively related with rice defense against higher disease incidence. Analyses of micro-environmental factors showed that intercropping decreased air humidity on rice leaf surface in morning and noon periods. Meanwhile, leaf absorbed photosynthetically active radiation was higher under intercropping system for most of the daytime. The modified micro-environment benefited the depression of breeding and spread of pathogens in paddy fields. Net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of rice leaf were higher under intercropping system than monoculture system during most of the daytime. This suggested that intercropping improved light utilization rate and photosynthetic efficiency of rice. In the study, the land equivalent ratio of the intercropping system was 1.17. This also suggested that rice/arrowhead intercropping not only effectively reduced the occurrence of rice disease, but also produced higher crop yields and greater land use efficiency.关键词
水稻/慈姑/间作/病虫害/微环境/保护酶/光合效率/土地当量比Key words
Rice-(Oryza-sativa)/Arrowhead-(Sagittaria-sagittifolia)/Intercropping/Plant-disease/pest/Micro-environment/Protective-enzyme/Photosynthetic-efficiency/Land-equivalent-ratio分类
农业科学引用本文复制引用
梁开明,章家恩,杨滔,罗明珠,傅玲..水稻与慈姑间作栽培对水稻病虫害和产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,(7):757-765,9.基金项目
国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)课题(2011CB100406)、国家自然科学基金项目(31300371)、广东省科技计划项目(2009B020311012,2012A020100003)、广东省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(粤农[2009]380号)、国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD14B16-4)、广东省高等学校学科与专业建设专项资金项目(2013CXZDA007)资助 （973计划）
