中国生态农业学报Issue(3)：294-301,8.DOI:10.13930/j.cnki.cjea.140922
秸秆还田方式对农田土壤结构及冬小麦产量的影响
Effects of straw return methods on soil structure and winter wheat yield
摘要
Abstract
AbstractCrop straw is an important source of organic matter for agricultural production, returning straw to agricultural soil is an economic and feasible method of improving soil structure and crop yield. However, many problems still exist in utilizing straw resources, including slow decomposition of straw and competition between straw and crop for nitrogen in straw-applied fields. To explore an efficient method of returning straw into the soil, which can overcome the above problems and improve soil structure and crop yield, a two-year field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of smashed and ammoniated straw or blending with inorganic soil amendment (calcium sulfate) on farmland soil structure and winter wheat yield. The 2011−2013 field study used long straw (50 mm) mulching (CK1) and incorporation (CK2) as the control treatments. The means of straw application were respectively ammoniated 50 mm long straw incorporation (CN), ammoniated smashed straw (1 mm long) incorporation (FN), incorporation of ammoniated 50 mm long straw plus calcium sulfate (CNT), and incorporation of ammoniated smashed straw (1 mm long) plus calcium sulfate (FNT). The results showed that smashed-ammoniated straw significantly reduced (P< 0.05) soil bulk density in the 0−15 cm plough layer respectively by 6.30% and 7.03%, compared with CK1 and CK2. It also significantly (P< 0.05) increased soil porosity of the 0−15 cm plough layer. The effect on the soil below the plough layer was not obvious. Compared with non-ammoniated straw application, the ammoniated straw observably increased (P< 0.05) the content of soil aggregates >0.25 mm in the 0−15 cm soil layer. It also significantly decreased (P< 0.05) soil structure fractal dimension, improved soil mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD). This was beneficial as it improved soil structural stability. Correlation coefficients <br> between grain number, efficient panicle number, 1000-grain weight, above-ground biomass and grain yield were respectively 0.30 (P> 0.05), 0.76 (P< 0.01),−0.89 (P< 0.01) and 0.88 (P< 0.01). Thus the increase in winter wheat efficient panicle or above-ground biomass was the main way of increase in grain yield. Smashed-ammoniated straw application, compared with long straw mulching, observably increased (P< 0.05) efficient panicle number of winter wheat. The effects of smashed-ammoniated straw application mixed with inorganic soil amendment (calcium sulfate) on winter wheat grain yield were most significant. Compared with CK1, smashed-ammoniated straw mixed with inorganic soil amendment (calcium sulfate) improved winter wheat yield respectively by 11.12% and 17.84% in 2011−2012 and 2012−2013. Then compared with CK2, it improved winter wheat yield respectively by 7.39% and 16.58% in 2011−2012 and 2012−2013. This was the best straw application method in the experiment. In conclusion, the effects of smashed-ammoniated straw application on soil structure and crop yield were better than those of long straw mulching. This was especially obvious for smashed-ammoniated straw mixed with inorganic soil amendment (calcium sulfate). The above results provided the theoretical basis for the selection of more efficient straw return methods in order to improve soil structure and crop yield.关键词
秸秆还田方式/秸秆粉碎/秸秆氨化/无机土壤改良剂/土壤结构/小麦产量Key words
Straw return method/Smashed straw/Ammoniated straw/Inorganic soil amendment/Soil structure/Wheat yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
李传友..秸秆还田方式对农田土壤结构及冬小麦产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,(3):294-301,8.基金项目
北京市科委科技项目(2013022083)资助 （2013022083）
