生态环境学报Issue(6)：1069-1074,6.DOI:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2015.06.024
水体沉积物重金属污染风险评价研究进展
Research Progress of Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution in Water Body Sediments
摘要
Abstract
Sediments are the main enrichment of heavy metals in water. Risk assessment of heavy metals in sediments is an effective means to understand the pollution status of heavy metals in water. Moreover, it provides a decision making basis for water management departments. This paper analyzes the study object and the assessment criterion of risk assessment of heavy metals in water body sediments. It also summarizes several assessment methods commonly adopted at home and abroad. The risk assessment is conducted mainly in lakes, rivers, reservoirs, and seas.The risk of heavy metal pollution is found more in lakes and rivers than in reservoirs and seas. Heavy metals for risk assessment are Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, and As. More than 90% of the water body sediments in the risk assessment of heavy metals comprised Cu, Zn, and Pb. These heavy metal pollutants are the most extensive, followed by Cd, As, and Cr. The risk of heavy metal W is not taken seriously. The assessment indexes of risk assessment include content, fraction distribution, and spatial distribution. The content of heavy metals is the main assessment index, followed by the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals. Analysis on speciation distribution of heavy metals is minimal.The assessment criteria in China are not perfect, and choices of criteria are diverse. The appropriate assessment criteria should be selected according to the assessment purpose and water body condition. Several assessment methods commonly adopted at home and abroad are geoaccumulation index method, enrichment factor method, sediment quality standard method, potential ecological risk index method, pollution load index method, Nemerow index method, and the ratio of secondary and primary phases. The advantages and disadvantages each of these methodsare analyzed. Biological effectiveness is not considered in geoaccumulation index method, enrichment factor method, pollution load index method, and Nemerow index method. The potential ecological risk index method takes into account biological toxicology and ecology; however, shortcomings are also found. This paper emphasizes that research on the health risk assessment of toxicity of heavy metals in sediments is minimal. The normalization method and principle of different toxicity data need to be further researched.关键词
水体沉积物/重金属/评价对象/评价标准/评价方法Key words
water body sediments/heavy metals/assessment object/assessment criterion/assessment method分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
陈明,蔡青云,徐慧,赵玲,赵永红..水体沉积物重金属污染风险评价研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2015,(6):1069-1074,6.基金项目
国家“十二五”科技支撑计划课题（2012BAC11B07）；国家自然科学基金项目（51064007）；江西省对外科技合作计划 （）
