中国当代儿科杂志Issue(12)：1220-1225,6.DOI:10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2014.12.007
郑州市城区儿童哮喘的流行病学调查及发病相关因素分析
Epidemiological survey and risk factor analysis of asthma in children in urban districts of Zhengzhou, China
摘要
Abstract
ObjectiveTo study the epidemiological features, treatment status, and risk factors for asthma in children in Zhengzhou, China.MethodsQuestionnaires for primary screening were issued using the method of multi-stage stratiifed sampling. Suspected asthmatic children were given a second questionnaire, physical examination, medical history review, and auxiliary examination to conifrm the diagnosis. Age- and sex-matched non-asthmatic children were randomly recruited to the control group.ResultsThe number of valid questionnaires was 10 616 (5 444 males and 5 172 females). There were 308 conifrmed asthma cases and the overall prevalence was 2.90%. The prevalence in boys was higher than that in girls (3.4% vs 2.4%). The prevalence in children under 3 years of age was 10.2%, which was higher than that in other age groups. The top three triggers for asthma attack in children were respiratory infection (94.2%), weather changes (89.0%), and exercise (35.1%). The most common asthma attack was moderate (71.8%), followed by mild (22.7%). Inhaled corticosteroids, systemic corticosteroids, and antibiotics were applied to 94.8% (292 cases), 74.7% (230 cases), and 90.9% (280 cases) of all patients, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated the following major risk factors for asthma: history of allergic rhinitis (OR=150.285, 95%CI: 31.934-707.264), history of eczema (OR=10.600, 95%CI: 1.054-106.624), history of atopic dermatitis (OR=31.368, 95%CI: 3.339-294.683), food allergies (OR=27.373, 95%CI: 2.670-280.621), method of birth (OR=2.853, 95%CI: 1.311-6.208), age of ifrst antibiotic use (OR=0.384, 95%CI: 0.172-0.857), frequency of antibiotic use within 1 year of age (OR=9.940, 95%CI:6.246-15.820), use of wall decorating materials (OR=2.108, 95%CI: 1.464-3.036), and use of heat supply in winter (OR=6.046, 95%CI: 1.034-35.362).ConclusionsThe prevalence of childhood asthma is associated with age and gender in Zhengzhou. Most asthma attacks are moderate, often triggered by respiratory infection. Treatment of asthma has been standardized, but still needs further improvement. History of allergic rhinitis, eczema, atopic dermatitis and food allergies, cesarean delivery, frequent use of antibiotics within 1 year of age, use of decorating materials on the wall, and use of heating in winter may increase risk for asthma, and use of antibiotics in older age is a protective factor against asthma in children.关键词
哮喘/流行病学调查/危险因素/儿童Key words
Asthma/Epidemiological survey/Risk factor/Child引用本文复制引用
赵坤,宋桂华,古华倩,刘爽,张岩,郭彦荣..郑州市城区儿童哮喘的流行病学调查及发病相关因素分析[J].中国当代儿科杂志,2014,(12):1220-1225,6.基金项目
郑州市科技攻关计划项目 （编号2000-JP12）。 （）
