中国农业科学Issue(6)：1227-1234,8.
水稻-油菜轮作条件下磷肥效应研究
Analysis of P Fertilizer Efficiency Under Rice-Rapeseed Rotation System
摘要
Abstract
Objective]A split field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different P fertilizer application rates on crop yield, P uptake, P recovery efficiency and residual efficiency under annual rice-rapeseed rotation. The effects of residual P in rice season on rapeseed yields and crop P uptakes were evaluated to explore the distribution of P fertilizer in annual rice-rapeseed rotationfor the purpose of optimization of P fertilization strategy in rice-rapeseed rotation.[Method]An annual rice-rapeseed field experiment was conducted in Honghu County, Hubei province from May, 2010 to May, 2011. In rice season, there were four different P application rates treatment (P0, 0 P2O5, P30, 30 kg P2O5·hm-2, P60, 60 kg P2O5·hm-2 and P90, 90 kg P2O5·hm-2), while in later rapeseed season, the original P application rate treatments were split into two sub-treatments (with P fertilization treatment, 60 kg P2O5·hm-2, and without P fertilization treatment, 0 kg P2O5·hm-2). Besides crop yield, crop P uptake, P recovery efficiency and residual P utilization efficiency under different P treatments were analyzed, the concept of “the substitute rate of P fertilizer”was adopted to estimate the residual effects of P fertilizer applied in rice season on the rapeseed yield. [Result] Reasonable P fertilization substantially increased the yield of the rice and rapeseed. Crop yield and P recovery efficiency in rice season were the highest in P60 treatment, with the average of 9 694 kg·hm-2 and 19.2%, respectively. Insufficient or excessive P fertilization decreased rice yield and P recovery efficiency. Compared with without P fertilization treatment in rapeseed season, rapeseed dry matter increased significantly, ranging from 756 to 1 195 kg·hm-2 in P fertilization treatment;while seed yields were also improved, ranging from 427 to 503 kg·hm-2. P fertilizer applied in rice season significantly affected the seed yield and crop nutrient uptake of the following rapeseed. In contrast to the plots without P fertilization in rice season, rapeseed dry matter of the plots with P fertilization in rice season dramatically increased, varying from 212 to 816 kg·hm-2, and the yield of rapeseed varying from 136 to 409 kg·hm-2, and the P uptake by rapeseed increased from 0.4 to 4.9 kg·hm-2. The P fertilizer applied in rice season could be utilized by rapeseed which consequently increased the agronomic efficiencies and the contribution rate of P fertilizer applied in rapeseed season. The recovery efficiency of P applied in rice season ranged from 16.3%to 19.2%, the residual utilization efficiency ranged from 5.4%to 7.3% and the annual P fertilizer accumulate efficiency was 21.8% - 25.6%. P fertilizer applied in rice season had a significant residual effect, which showed a positive correlation with P fertilizer application rate. The residual effects of P fertilizer applied in rice season were equivalent to 2-9 kg P2O5·hm-2 used in the rapeseed season. Furthermore, the residual effects of P fertilizer applied in rice season were also positively affected by the P fertilizer application rate in rapeseed season. The residual effects of P fertilizer in rapeseed season with P fertilization were higher than those without P fertilization. [Conclusion] Reasonable P fertilization could substantially increase crop yield, P uptake and P use efficiency under rice-rapeseed rotation system. The P fertilizer application in rice season had a significant residual effect on increase rapeseed yield and P, which showed a positive correlation with P fertilizer application rate. Considering “more P fertilization used in upland season and less P fertilization used in paddy season” in P fertilization management strategy under paddy-upland rotation, P fertilization management in rapeseed season thus should be optimized taking the residual effect of P application in rice season into consideration.关键词
水稻-油菜轮作/磷肥利用率/磷肥后效Key words
rice-rapeseed rotation/P agronomic efficiency/the residual of phosphorus引用本文复制引用
卜容燕,任涛,鲁剑巍,李小坤,丛日环,李云春,汪洋,鲁君明..水稻-油菜轮作条件下磷肥效应研究[J].中国农业科学,2014,(6):1227-1234,8.基金项目
国家油菜产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-13）、“十一五”国家科技支撑计划重点项目课题（2010BAD01B05）、公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201103003）、中央高校基本科研业务费专项 （）
