中国医药科学Issue(9)：9-13,5.
玉树地震高原医疗救援--特殊性及其对策
Highland medical rescue in Yushu earthquake--particularity and countermeasures
摘要
Abstract
Objective To summarize the special problems and corresponding countermeasures of highland medical rescue as a result of the challenges such as high cold and anoxia, bad weather, remote distance, traffic congestion and highly disperse casualties faced by the rescue activities in the Richter scale 7.1 earthquake that happened in Yushu on April 10, 2010, which was a violent earthquake that happened in the interior Tibetan region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with the world's highest altitude(4000 meters). Methods The features of injuries and the causes of death in Yushu earthquake were analyzed and compared to the classification of injuries, severity, causes of death and death time distribution in Wenchuan earthquake. The special traumatology problems of highland earthquake were analyzed. Results Yushu earthquake and plain earthquake were remarkably different in the traumatology and causes of death. Due to the soil, wood, sand and gravel structure of residential houses in Tibetan region, over 90%of houses collapsed in the earthquake, making crushing and burying injuries the main causes of death in Yushu earthquake, and emergency rescue measures had to be taken immediately. Due to the composite injuries caused by highland hypoxia, various kinds of trauma were liable to be complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and emergency aid and treatment had to be conducted. Therefore, aiming at the particularity of highland medical rescue in Yushu earthquake, a series of protective measures were proposed. Conclusion Based on the features of casualties, 48 hours after earthquake is the death peak period, thus the"Golden 48 hours"emergency rescue concept in highland earthquake is emphasized. Fast and organized transfer of the wounded people to low altitude and oxygen supply during transfer are the two keys of successful emergency rescue. Qingdao-Tibetan Plateau is an earthquake-prone area and therefore medical rescue has to be strengthened.关键词
玉树/地震/医疗救援/创伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征Key words
Yushu/Earthquake/Medical rescue/Trauma/Acute respiratory distress syndrome分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
吴天一,李素芝,侯世科..玉树地震高原医疗救援--特殊性及其对策[J].中国医药科学,2014,(9):9-13,5.基金项目
国家重点基础研究发展（973）计划项目（2012CB518202）；青海省社会发展重点项目（2011-N-150）。 （）
