作物学报Issue(11)：1980-1989,10.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2014.01980
土下微膜覆盖与灌水管理对冬小麦水分利用与物质生产效果的影响
Water Utilization and Matter Production in Winter Wheat under Soil-Coated Ultrathin Plastic-Film Mulching and Irrigation Management
摘要
Abstract
Serious deficiency of water resource is one of the biggest problems in winter wheat production in North China Plain. We conducted a field experiment in 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 growing seasons to study the effect of soil-coated ultrathin plastic-film mulching (SCUPFM) in combination with controlled irrigation on water use efficiency and matter production of winter wheat. Compared to traditional planting practice (control), SCUPFM plus zero (rainfed) or small-amount irrigation produced wheat yield more than 7500 kg ha–1, and consumed 2/3 to 3/4 of water. The yield-based water use efficiency of SCUPFM treatments was 24.8–26.5 kg mm–1 ha–1, which was 28.3%–41.0%higher than that of the control. Under SCUPFM condition, the biomass-based water use efficiency in the whole growing period was 1.3–2.7 folds of the control, with an earlier peak from heading to jointing stage. Meanwhile, the harvest index also increased under SCUPFM with no or small irrigation. SCUPFM resulted in slow consumption of soil water, and 600 mm of moisture content in 2 m soil profile at seeding stage could provide enough water for the whole growing period of wheat. Water supply from 2 m soil layer was 212.2 mm in loam at Xinji site and 230.0 mm in clay at Shenzhou site. SCUPFM with irrigation or small irrigation before anthesis could significantly enhance net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and decrease transpiration rate (Tr) within 20 days after anthesis. As a result, the leaf-based water use efficiency increased significantly. However, late irrigation at mid-filling stage had no such effect. Therefore, SCUPFM in combination with no or small irrigation at proper stage is effective to maintain wheat yield and increase water use efficiency greatly in North China Plain.关键词
土下微膜覆盖/冬小麦/水分利用效率/物质生产/华北平原Key words
Soil-coated ultrathin plastic-film mulching/Winter wheat/Water use efficiency/Dry matter production/North China Plain引用本文复制引用
何立谦,张维宏,张永升,曹彩云,李科江,杜雄..土下微膜覆盖与灌水管理对冬小麦水分利用与物质生产效果的影响[J].作物学报,2014,(11):1980-1989,10.基金项目
本研究由河北省科技支撑计划项目(14226401D),河北省教育厅优秀青年基金项目(Y2012037),教育部博士点新教师基金项目(20101302120002),河北省青年优秀拔尖人才专项和国家科技支撑计划“粮食丰产科技工程”项目(2011BAD16B08,2012BAD04B06,2013BAD07B05)资助。 （14226401D）
