作物学报Issue(4)：623-632,10.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.00623
海河低平原深松播种对夏玉米根系生理的影响及其节水增产效应
Effects of Subsoiling-Seeding on Root Physiological Indices, Water-Saving and Yield-Increasing Behaviors in Summer Maize (Zea mays L.) in Haihe Lowland Plain of China
摘要
Abstract
The study was carried out in Shenzhou Experimental Station, Arid Farming Research Institute, Hebei Academy of Agri-cultural and Forestry Sciences in 2012–2013. The maize variety Zhengdan 958 was used in this experiment with two treatments including sub-soiling seeding (SRT) and no-tillage seeding (NT). From seedling emergence to maturity, the root morphology, physiological parameters and microstructure, canopy photosynthetic characteristics, and leaf area index were regularly measured. At maturity, the yields and the water use efficiency and water storage in 2 m soil layer were investigated. The results showed that SRT increased the root dry mass, surface area, length and active absoiling area ratio in 0–60 cm soil layer, with the increase of 30.5%, 24.6%, 29.7%, and 56.3%, respectively, in comparison with NT. In addition, SRT also increased the proline content, nitrate reductase activity and activity of roots compared with NT in this soil layer, with the increase of 140.0%, 37.0%, and 36.5%, respectively. The total root bleeding sap in SRT increased by 15.2% compared with NT in the whole growth stage. In 0–40 cm soil layer, the hydraulic conductivity in single root and the roots per plant around whole growth stage in SRT increased by 15.8% and 17.0% respectively, in comparison with NT. In SRT, the diameter of stele vessel was increased, cell walls of pericycle and stele parenchyma were thickened, and the number of pith cells were increased, but its section area ratio in stale decreased compared with NT. Moreover, the numbers and diameter of xylem vessel in SRT increased, but the cortical thickness in roots decreased. In 0–20 cm soil layer, although the middle cortical cells of root in SRT were larger than those of NT, but there number was only 86.2% of NT. SRT also increased the LAI and photosynthetic rate. The grain-filling rate in SRT treatment was also increased, with 5.0% higher than in NT. In two growth seasons, compared with NT, the spike kernels, 1000-grain weight, and yield in SRT treat-ment were increased by 2.4%, 3.9%, and 8.2%, respectively, whereas the water consumption was reduced by 9.1%, the water use efficiency was increased by 14.4%, and the water storage amount in 2 m soil layer was increased by 31.7%.关键词
海河低平原/深松播种/夏玉米/根系/生理生态/节水增产效应Key words
Haihe Lowland Plain/Subsoiling-seeding/Summer maize/Root/Physiological ecology/Water-saving and yield-increasing effect引用本文复制引用
尹宝重,甄文超,冯悦..海河低平原深松播种对夏玉米根系生理的影响及其节水增产效应[J].作物学报,2015,(4):623-632,10.基金项目
本研究由国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目“粮食丰产科技工程”(2011BAD16B08,2012BAD04B06,2013BAD07B05)资助。 （2011BAD16B08,2012BAD04B06,2013BAD07B05）
