作物学报Issue(5)：787-796,10.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.00787
不同覆膜方式对旱地冬小麦土壤水分和产量的影响
Effects of Plastic Mulching Modes on Soil Moisture and Grain Yield in Dryland Winter Wheat
摘要
Abstract
Mulching strategies and practices are required to increase crop yields in arid and semiarid rainfed areas. This study was carried out to determine the effect of different mulching modes on soil moisture, grain yield, and water use efficiency for winter wheat in a semiarid rainfed region of Loess Plateau, Northwest China during 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 growing seasons. Winter wheat was grown under four cultivation patterns:whole field plastic mulching with soil cover on the top of the plastic mulch and bunch-seeding (T1), whole field plastic mulching without soil cover on the top of the plastic mulch and bunch-seeding (T2), ridges mulched with plastic film and row-seeding in the furrow (T3), and non-mulching with row-seeding as control (CK). Com-pared with CK, the three plastic mulching treatments showed the increase of water storage in the 0–200 cm soil layer before boot-ing stage by 2.3%in the 2008–2009 season and 1.7%in the 2009–2010 season and the decrease of 0–200 cm soil water storage from booting to harvest by 14.7%and 7.6%in the two seasons, respectively. In the three plastic mulching treatments, the 0–20 cm soil moisture during the whole growth season was obviously higher than that in CK, however the 20–90 cm soil moisture after jointing and the 90–200 cm soil moisture during the whole growth season were lower than that in CK. As a result, the 0–200 cm soil water storage at harvest in the plastic mulching treatments was 64.7 mm (2008–2009 growing season) and 47.0 mm (2009–2010 growing season) lower than that in CK. Although T1, T2 and T3 consumed 64.6 mm and 77.2 mm more soil water than CK in two growing seasons, the 0–200 cm soil water storage was 29.8 mm and 22.8 mm higher at seeding stage in autumn after the summer fallowing. This result indicated that soil water storage was restored rapidly during summer fallow in plastic mulching treatments. Compared with CK, plastic mulching treatments enhanced wheat yield by 49.4%in 2008–2009 season and 53.2%in 2009–2010 season and water use efficiency by 11.8%in 2008–2009 season and 14.3%in 2009–2010 season. In a com-prehensive consideration of yield, water use efficiency and economical return, T1 is recommended as a simple and applicable technique in semiarid rainfed wheat production aiming at high yield and high efficiency.关键词
旱地/冬小麦/地膜覆盖/土壤水分/水分利用效率Key words
Dryland/Winter wheat/Plastic film mulching/Soil moisture/Water use efficiency引用本文复制引用
柴守玺,杨长刚,张淑芳,陈恒洪,常磊..不同覆膜方式对旱地冬小麦土壤水分和产量的影响[J].作物学报,2015,(5):787-796,10.基金项目
本研究由国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-3-2-49)和国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303104)资助。 （CARS-3-2-49）
