作物学报Issue(7)：1086-1097,12.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01086
稻-麦轮作下9000 kg hm-2产量水平扬麦20的群体质量及花后光合特征
Population Quality and Photosynthetic Characteristics after Anthesis in Yang-mai 20 with Yield Potential of 9000 kg ha-1 in Rice-Wheat Rotation System
摘要
Abstract
The objective of this study was to fine-tune cultivation techniques for large-scale high yielding (≥9000 kg ha–1) wheat production in rice–wheat rotation system. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yangmai 20) populations with yield level≥9000 kg ha–1 (P1) and<9000 kg ha−1 (P2) were established through managing application amount, timing and splitting ratio of nitrogen fertilizer in the 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 growing seasons. The grain yield and grain number per spike in P1 population were 10.0%and 5.5%higher than those of P2 population with significant difference between each other. However, the differences in spike number and 1000-grain weight between P1 and P2 were not significant. The yield components of P1 population were 4.82–5.38 million spikes per hectare, 47–49 grains per spike, and 34–39 g of 1000-grain weight. Grain yield of different popula-tions showed parabolic correlations with leaf area index (LAI) at booting and anthesis stages, leaf area decreasing rate and photo-synthetic potential after anthesis, as well as significantly linear correlations with LAI at milk-ripening stage, grain weigh per square centimeter leaf and population growth rate. According to the experiments results in two years, P1 population was charac-terized with dynamic LAI of 6.5–7.0 at booting, 5.0–6.0 at anthesis and 4.0–4.5 at milk-ripening stage; grain/leaf ratio of 0.37–0.39 grains cm–2 leaf and 13.50–14.50 mg grain cm–2 leaf; LAI decrease rate of 0.13–0.15 d–1 after anthesis; population growth rate of 19–20 g m–2 d–1 after anthesis;photosynthetic potential of 1.03–1.18 million m2 d ha–1 after anthesis;and net as-similation of 9–11 g m–2 d–1 after anthesis. At the stages of 21 and 28 days after anthesis, the SPAD reading, net photosynthetic rate, malondialdehyde content, and activities of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, and SOD) in flag leaves were significantly cor-related with grain yield. Our results suggest the following key points of cultivar potential for 9000 kg ha–1 yield potential of Yangmai 20 in rice–wheat rotation system are suitable population spike number as the basis;synchronous increases of grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight;high photosynthetic area and photosynthetic rate before anthesis;slow decrease of photosynthetic area after anthesis with its maintainable high level, and an abundant accumulated assimilate meeting to the sink enrichment.关键词
稻-麦轮作/高产小麦/产量构成/群体质量/光合特性Key words
Rice-wheat rotation system/High-yield wheat production/Yield components/Population quality/Photosynthesis引用本文复制引用
丁锦峰,黄正金,袁毅,朱新开,李春燕,彭永欣,郭文善..稻-麦轮作下9000 kg hm-2产量水平扬麦20的群体质量及花后光合特征[J].作物学报,2015,(7):1086-1097,12.基金项目
本研究由国家自然科学基金项目(30971729,31401317),国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B09),江苏省高校自然科学基金重大项目(13KJA210004),江苏省农业三新工程项目,江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目,江苏高校优秀科技创新团队项目,扬州市科技计划项目(YZ2014166)和扬州大学高端人才支持计划项目资助。 （30971729,31401317）
