作物学报Issue(7)：1136-1144,9.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01136
栽培技术优化对冬小麦根系垂直分布及活性的调控
Regulative Effect of Optimized Cultivation Practice to the Root Vertical Dis-tribution and Activity in Winter Wheat
摘要
Abstract
To find out the cultivation practices, optimizing the construction of winter wheat root system, promoting root function, and enhancing the final grain yield, in the growing seasons of 2012–2013 and 2013–2014, we compared the root vertical distribution and activity in 0–90 cm soil layers, as well as grain yield and its components of winter wheat cultivar Luyuan 502, with three treatments of cultivate techniques, viz., plow tillage-surface fertilization (PT-SF), rotary tillage-surface fertilization (RT-SF) and seedling belt rotary tillage-subsoiling-deep fertilization in different soil layers (SRT-SS-DF). Compared to PT-SF and RT-SF, SRT-SS-DF signifi-cantly increased thousand-kernel weight and spike number per hectare, resulting in 3.96–13.29%increase of grain yield. Root growth was stimulated in SRT-SS-DF treatment. For example, the root length density and dry weight density in 15–60 cm soil layer and total root surface area and active absorption area in 30–75 cm soil layer were significantly higher in SRT-SS-DF than in other treatments after jointing stage, especially in the fertilized soil layer (15–30 cm). At 20 days after anthesis (DAA), the total absorbing surface area and the active absorbing area of root in SRT-SS-DF were 66.3%and 56.5%higher than those in PT-SF and 75.9%and 59.8%higher than those in RT-SF, respectively. Besides, SRT-SS-DF alleviated the decline of root activity at late grain filling stage. From anthesis stage to 20 DAA, the reduction of root activity in 15–30 soil layer was 28.5%and 14.9%lower in SRT-SS-DF than in RT-SF and PT-SF, respectively. At 20 DAA, low root MDA content and high SOD activity in 15–90 cm soil layer were observed in SRT-SS-DF. Especially, the SOD activity in 15–30 cm soil layer in SRT-SS-DF was 20.6%and 10.9%higher than those in RP-SF and PR-SF, respectively. The root activity and the ratio of root dry weight (root dry weight in different soil layers/total root dry weight in 0–90 cm soil layer) in 15–90 cm had a significant positive correlation with final grain yield. Our results suggest that optimizing integrated practices of seedling belt rotary tillage, seedling belt subsoiling and deep fertilization could be able to extend the root distribution in deep soil and increase the root activity, especially in fertilized soil layer, resulting in higher grain yield.关键词
栽培技术/小麦/根系活力/根系垂直分布/产量Key words
Cultivation technique/Wheat/Root activity/Root vertical distribution/Yield引用本文复制引用
李华伟,司纪升,徐月,李升东,吴建军,王法宏..栽培技术优化对冬小麦根系垂直分布及活性的调控[J].作物学报,2015,(7):1136-1144,9.基金项目
本项目由农业科技成果转化基金项目,山东省优秀中青年科学家奖励基金(BS2013NY003),山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题,国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CRAS-3-1-21),国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(301203033-2,201203079)和安徽省自然科学基金项目(1208085MC35)资助。 （BS2013NY003）
