作物学报Issue(8)：1246-1256,11.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2015.01246
氮肥运筹对苗期受渍夏玉米干物质和氮素积累与转运的影响
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization Application Regime on Dry Matter, Nitrogen Accumulation and Transportation in Summer Maize under Waterlogging at the Seedling Stage
摘要
Abstract
Field experiments were carried out from 2011 to 2012 to clarify the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen assimilation, nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield under waterlogging at the seedling stage in summer maize cultivar “Zheng-dan958”. Under both waterlogging and control (normal watering) conditions, we implemented four treatments with total N amount of 240 kg ha–1in all treatments and different N application ratios at land preparation, jointing, and big trumpet stages (10:0:0 for N1, 7:3:0 for N2, 5:5:0 for N3, and 3:5:2 for N4). The results showed that waterlogging stress in the seedling stage significantly decreased grain yield by 24.2%–25.7%, postponement of nitrogen application was able to alleviate the effect of wa-terlogging on grain yield. The grain yield was affected more by kernel number per ear than by 1000-kernel weight, and grain yield was positively correlated to the maximum LAI at silking stage and harvest index, while not to grain-leaf ratio. Waterlogging stress in the seedling stage significantly decreased leaf area index (LAI), especially LAI of under-ear layer. Postponed nitrogen applica-tion increased the LAI of ear layer and above-ear layer to compensate the LAI decrease of under-ear layer, and the compensation effect was higher than the decrease effect of waterlogging stress, which resulted in higher LAI compared to the nitrogen applica- tion in advance. Waterlogging stress in the seedling stage significantly decreased dry matter accumulation, and increased the transportation amount after silking stage. Postponed nitrogen application enhanced the accumulation of dry matter and laid the foundation for increasing grain yield. Waterlogging stress in the seedling stage also significantly decreased nitrogen accumulation of different organs, and decreased nitrogen translocation from vegetative organs to the grain, and nitrogen accumulation amount after silking stage. Compared with nitrogen applied in advance, postponed nitrogen application significantly increased the nitro-gen content of different organs, and nitrogen accumulation amount after silking stage. Waterlogging stress decreased nitrogen uptake efficiency and partial factor productivity from applied nitrogen, postponed nitrogen application increased the nitrogen up-take efficiency by 0.9% to 18.2%, and partial factor productivity from applied nitrogen by 1.0% to 17.5%.关键词
夏玉米/渍水/氮肥后移/叶面积指数/干物质/氮素吸收Key words
Summer maize/Waterlogging/Postponed nitrogen application/Leaf area index/Dry matter/Nitrogen uptake引用本文复制引用
武文明,陈洪俭,王世济,魏凤珍,李金才..氮肥运筹对苗期受渍夏玉米干物质和氮素积累与转运的影响[J].作物学报,2015,(8):1246-1256,11.基金项目
本研究由国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203079,201203100),安徽省农业科学院院长青年创新基金项目(14B0944),国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD20B02)和江苏省现代作物生产协同创新中心项目资助。 （农业）
