植物营养与肥料学报Issue(6)：1387-1394,8.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2014.0608
我国北方玉米施肥产量效应和经济效益分析
yield response and economic analysis of fertilizer application in maize groWn in North China
摘要
Abstract
Objectives]Varied croP yie1d resPonses resu1ted from different soi1 tyPes,and different nutrient management Practices affect croP Profitabi1ity. The study on yie1d resPonses and economic benefits from ferti1izer N, P and K aPP1ication,and the changes of economic benefits under Projected yie1d resPonses,ferti1izer aPP1ication rates and different maize Prices wou1d Provide reference for scientific and economica1 ferti1ization for maize in Northern China.[Methods]Three hundred and seventy three fie1d exPeriments were conducted in seven Provinces in North China from 2010 to 2012 to exP1ore the yie1d resPonse and economics of ferti1izer N,P and K aPP1ication on maize. ExPeriments inc1uded Nutrient ExPert ferti1izer recommendation based on yie1d resPonse and agronomic efficiency,and series of omission P1ots inc1uding minus N,minus P and minus K treatment,and farmers’Practices as the contro1. Va1ue to cost ratio( VCR)from ferti1izer N,P and K was ca1cu1ated based on yie1ds,Prices of maize and ferti1izers,as comPared with farmers’Practice.[Results]Resu1ts obtained indicated that great variation existed in yie1d resPonses to ferti1izer N,P and K. The yie1d resPonses to N aPP1ication were 3040,2314,2324, 981,2139,1184 and 1244 kg/ha,those to P aPP1ication were 1463,1216,1425,635,944,376 and 620 kg/ha,and those to K aPP1ication were 1454,1063,1532,877,910,383 and 592 kg/ha,for Hei1ongjiang, Ji1in,Liaoning,Hebei,Henan,Shandong and Shanxi Province resPective1y. The yie1d resPonses to N,P and K aPP1ication ranged from 341-7900 kg/ha,11-5381 kg/ha and 9-4097 kg/ha,resPective1y,with average of 1889, 954 and 973 kg/ha. The resPonses suggest that the yie1ds are 1imited first by N,fo11owed by K,and P had the minor effect. Economic ana1ysis demonstrates that the VCR of aPP1ied N,P and K in maize were 2. 8,7. 8 and 4. 6 resPective1y suggesting that 2. 8,7. 8 and 4. 6 times of return with unit caPita1 inPut on ferti1izer N,P and K. Economic assessment based on Projected cost of ferti1izer and maize a1so show VCRs increase with increase of yie1d resPonse a1though the ferti1izer rate increases. Grain yie1d and economic benefits from Nutrient ExPert based ferti1izer recommendation with N-P2 O5-K2 O of 157-56-67 kg/ha are 10255 kg/ha and 18903 yuan/ha,those from farmers’Practice are 9996 kg/ha and 18154 yuan/ha with N-P2 O5-K2 O of 225-61-47 kg/ha at the same sites. Nutrient ExPert recommendation achieve 748 yuan/ha more benefit than farmers’Practice,1/3 of which is from saved cost from efficient use of ferti1izers,and 2/3 from yie1d increase.[Conclusions]The highest yie1d resPonse is obtained to N,fo11owed by K and 1owest to P ferti1izer in the maize Production areas in North China. However, the highest Profitabi1ity from ferti1izer aPP1ication was from P,fo11owed by K and 1owest from N considering unit ferti1izer Prices. ComPared with farmer’s Practice,Nutrient ExPert recommended N-P2 O5-K2 O ferti1izer of 157-56-67 kg/ha is the rate of both high grain yie1d and economic benefit for maize in Northern China.关键词
玉米/产量效应/经济效益/Nutrient ExPertKey words
maize/yie1d resPonse/economic ana1ysis/Nutrient ExPert分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
何萍,徐新朋,仇少君,赵士诚..我国北方玉米施肥产量效应和经济效益分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,(6):1387-1394,8.基金项目
国家重点基础研究发展计划课题（2013CB127405）；国家自然科学基金项目（31272243）；农业部948项目（2130106）和国际植物营养研究所项目资助。 （）
